150 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF BLACKPOOL AND DISTRICT 



which were elaborated in 'Medical Anatomy' (1855-59). Died Geneva, 

 buried Acton. 



SlDGREAVES, Father Walter, S.J. (1837-1919), b. at Grimsargh, near Preston, 

 Lanes. Educated at Stonyhurst College. Entered the Society of Jesus in 

 1 855. Twice Director of the Stonyhurst Observatory, viz. , from 1 863 to 1 868, 

 and again after the death of Father Perry, from 1889 till his own death in 1919. 

 Accompanied Father Perry on expeditions to France for magnetic surveys in 

 1868-69, and to observe the transit of Venus in Kerguelen Island and 

 Madagascar, in 1874 and 1882. Installed the photographically-recording 

 magnetic instruments in 1866, which have continued in service ever since. 

 Chief work was stellar spectroscopy, his photographs being awarded medals at 

 the St. Louis Exposition of 1904 and at the Franco-British Exhibition in Paris 

 in 1 908. During his first directorship a new astronomical building was erected 

 and equipped with an equatorial refractor of 8 inch aperture in 1867, and 

 during his second tenure of office, this instrument was fitted with a larger 

 objective of 1 5 inch aperture, as a memorial to Father Perry, in 1 893. Died 

 at Stonyhurst. 



Sturgeon, Wm. (1783-1850), b. Whittington, Son of a cobbler, he was 

 apprenticed to his father's trade, which he gave up for the Army, where he 

 taught himself science. On leaving the Army he took up cobbling at Woolwich, 

 and in his spare time was attracted to invention of scientific apparatus. Some 

 of his inventions were : — (1 ) soft-iron electro-magnet, parent of the dynamo, 

 of which he was the original discoverer (1823) ; (2) magneto-electrical 

 machine ; (3) electro-magnetic rotatory engine (1832). His practical in- 

 ventions covered the whole field of electrical science. Established the Annals 

 of Electricity, the first electrical journal in England (1 836). In 1 840 became 

 superintendent of the Victoria Gallery of Practical Science at Manchester, 

 and subsequently lectured and wrote widely. Collected his writings under 

 the title Scientific Researches. 



Threlkeld, Dr. Caleb (1676-1728), b. Keibergh, in the parish of Kirk 

 Oswald, Cumberland. Educated at the Universities of Glasgow (M.A.) and 

 Edinburgh (M.D.). Settled in Dublin where he divided his time between 

 medical practice and Nonconformist preaching. Later gave up preaching and 

 made extensive botanical expeditions all over Ireland. In 1727 published a 

 Synopsis Stipium Hibernicarum, in which he described 535 species. 



Troughton, Edward, F.R.S. (1753-1835), b. Corney, Cumberland. At 

 1 7 went to London and became a scientific instrument-maker in company with 

 his brother. His inventions included a new mode of graduating circles, the 

 mural circle, by which polar distances were measured directly from the pole, 

 the beam compass, and the hydrostatic balance. He was also famous for his 

 telescopes, theodolites, and sextants, which were used on many important 

 geodetical expeditions. Contributed to Brewster's Edinburgh Cyclopaedia. 

 F.R.S., 1810. Died Kensal Green. 



Turner, Sir Wm., K.C.B., F.R.S. (1832-1916), b. Lancaster. Apprenticed 

 to a surgeon at Lancaster. Studied medicine at St. Bartholomew's Hospital 

 and London University. Assistant Professor of Anatomy, Edinburgh, 1854. 

 Professor, 1867-1903. F.R.S., 1877. President of the British Association, 



