BANGS and im.nakd: NOTES on amkhk an 15IKDS. 379 



Bartica Grove, 2. Venezuela: Margarita Island, 2. Trinidad, 2. 

 Tobago, 1. Union Island (Grenadines), L Total, is. 



Remarks. Tins small form is intermediate in coloration between 

 '/'. in. melancholicua of Paraguay and '/'. m. chloronotus of Yucatan. 

 Within its range from Bahia to Merida, Venezuela, we arc able to detect 

 some geographical variation, but this is so slight that it would Berve 

 no good purpose to recognize more than one form. Birds from Bahia, 

 of which we have unfortunately seen only throe specimens, are not 

 quite SO distinctive as birds from northern South America, hut they 

 arc certainly much closer to the latter than to true mrlanchoiicu.t. 

 Our examples from Bahia are small like those from Guiana, hut the 

 chest-band, although distinctly "more yellowish than grayish, is some- 

 what wider. Since there is already a name available for the Bahia 

 bird, we prefer to adopt it for the entire series rather than to pro- 

 pose a new one for the more distinctive northern birds. 



We refer birds from Trinidad, Tobago, Margarita Island, and Union 

 Island, to this form, although they seem to be intermediate between 

 birds from Guiana and Central America. In our examples from the 

 islands mentioned the chest-band is like that of the Guiana birds, but 

 the throat is a trifle more whitish. We cannot, however, justify a 

 further subdivision based upon such a very slight difference, even 

 should it eventually prove to be constant. 



In describing Laphyctcs satrapa, Cabanis and Heine (Mus. Hein., 

 1859, 2, p. 77), drew the characters entirely from the Mexican bird 

 to which Lichtenstein had given the manuscript name satraya (Berlin 

 Museum coll.). The only constant character mentioned in the 

 diagnosis, is the larger size, wmich fixes the name upon the form in- 

 habiting northern Mexico, know r n as Tyrannus mclancholicvs couchii 

 Baird, and not upon the form inhabiting northern South America, 

 which is even smaller than true mclancholicus. As Ridgway (Bull. 50, 

 U. S. X. M. 1907, pt. 4, p. 703) remarks, Cabanis and Heine even 

 doubtfully referred the South American specimens, from Guiana -and 

 Venezuela, to this form. The type of Laphyctcs satrapa is thus among 

 the specimens in the Berlin Museum, presumably the same recorded 

 by Lichtenstein as Tyrannus satrapa in his Xomenclator Avium Musei 

 zoologici Berolinensis, 1854, p. 16, type-locality Mexico. In accord- 

 ance with this view T. m. satrapa (Cabanis and Heine) becomes a 

 synonym of T. in. couchii Baird. We may add that previous to Ridg- 

 way, Berlepsch (Proc. Intern, orn. congress, 1907, p. 474) had already 

 (ailed attention to the probable identity of the two names. 



The names Muscicapa furcata Spix and Tyrannus crudelis Swainson, 



