THE ACADIAN TRIASSIC 3 



A. O. Hayes, and Mr. W. A. Bell of the Geological Survey of 

 Canada, and to Professor D. S. Mcintosh of Halifax, Nova Scotia. 

 Professor Alfred C. Lane of Tufts College has kindly permitted the 

 use of thin sections and drill cores of the Cape D'Or basalt. To 

 Professor R. A. Daly, under whose direction this paper was pre- 

 pared as a portion of a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 

 in Harvard University, special thanks are due for helpful criticism. 



GENERAL GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY OF THE REGION 



Topography. — The most important topographic feature of the 

 Bay of Fundy region is North Mountain, extending from Cape 

 Blomidon to Brier Island, 125 miles. South of North Mountain 

 is the Annapolis Valley and the land of Evangeline, a broad fertile 

 plain extending from Minas Basin to the Annapolis Basin. South 

 of the Annapolis Valley is South Mountain, whose crest stands 

 on a level with North Mountain, at an elevation of about 

 400 feet. 



On the northern side of the Bay is the island of Grand Manan, 

 presenting an abrupt escarpment on the west, rising 200 to 400 feet 

 out of the sea. The tops of these basaltic cliffs is again at the 

 level of North Mountain. On the east side of Grand Manan is a 

 rolling lowland fronted by many islands. The New Brunswick 

 shore is bounded by rocky cliffs rising to a height of 50 to 200 feet, 

 but between the Triassic exposures at Quaco and Waterside, the 

 cliffs rise to the summit level of 400 feet. 



Minas Basin is surrounded by lowlands, presenting a rather 

 flat surface at elevations of 100 to 150 feet, except for the tidal 

 marshes. On the north, the Cobequid Mountains rise to heights 

 of 500 to 800 feet, with "peaks" at 1,000 feet. 



Geology. — The controlling factor of the topography and geology 

 of the region is the direction of the orographic axes, from north- 

 east to southwest (Fig. 1). The Bay of Fundy is confined between 

 a broad belt of pre-Cambrian rocks in Nova Scotia, fronted by the 

 Triassic; and a less broad belt of pre-Cambrian rocks in New Bruns- 

 wick, fronted by Carboniferous and Triassic strata (Fig. 2). The 

 peninsula of Nova Scotia is composed largely of pre-Cambrian 

 strata intruded by Devonian granite. 



