512 HA RR I ' FIELDING REID 



Swedish Alps. — But one glacier, the Mikka, was observed, and 

 it showed no change. 



Norwegian Alps. — All the 16 glaciers examined in the Folgefon 

 and the Jostedalsbrae were retreating with one exception. On 

 the other hand, in the Swartisen, the Okstinderne, and the 

 Frostisen, 7 glaciers were advancing, one retreating, and two were 

 stationary. 



Russia. — Observations in the Caucasus and in Turkestan have 

 laid the basis for the determination of future changes. One glacier 

 in the Caucasus was retreating and two were stationary. 



Canada. — No observations have been recorded in the last two 

 years; 1 but during the few years before 1910 the Illecillewaet, 

 the Asulkan, the Victoria, and the Yoho glaciers were all re- 

 treating. Shortly before 1909, however, the Asulkan made an 

 advance. 



Himalaya. — The greater part of the information collected refers 

 to variations which occurred some years ago. The positions of the 

 ends of many glaciers were determined in 1906, but later observa- 

 tions are not available. At that date there was evidence that the 

 glaciers were generally retreating. 



New Zealand Alps. — Here also observations are scanty. For 

 about ten years after the middle of the nineties, several of the larger 

 glaciers advanced. Later conditions have not been reported. 



REPORT OX THE GLACIERS OF THE UNITED STATES FOR 1914 



Mr. F. E. Matthes sends me the following information: 



The snowfall during the winter of 1913-14 in the Sierras was so heavy 

 that the glaeiers were still completely covered at the end of September; the 

 snow extended even beyond some moraines which encircle the glaciers at a 

 short distance. These moraines are recent; the youngest is comparable to 

 the moraines which marked the advance of the Alpine glaciers at the end of the 

 eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries. Historical evidence 

 is not available to determine the actual time when these moraines were formed; 

 but the presence of big trees (Sequoia Washigtoniana) near the glaciers may 

 supply the information; for their rings of growth contain a trustworthy record 

 of the climatic fluctuations of the last three thousand years. 



1 The last report on the Canadian glaciers in this series was in Variations of 

 Glaciers. XIII. report for 1906. See Journal 0] G j . \\ I [908 . p. 005. 



