624 REVIEWS 



of semifluid clay, the flow meeting resistance particularly at the ends of 



the Passes, where there is an accumulation of more resistant material 



and a greater lack of equilibrium between the heavy land on one side 



and the water on the other. The report is somewhat preliminary in 



nature. 



R. C. M. 



The Upper Cretaceous and Eocene Floras of South Carolina and 

 Georgia. By E. W. Berry. U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper 

 84, 1914. Pp. 200, pis. 29, figs. 12. 



The Upper Cretaceous of South Carolina is represented by the Black 

 Creek formation, which is divisible into two members, the Middendorf 

 arkose, with certain related clays, and a sandy, marine member. A 

 number of localities in the Middendorf have yielded plant remains, among 

 which are found magnolias, figs, laurels, oaks, walnuts, cinnamon, the 

 eucalyptus, etc. The collection numbers 75 species. The climate, 

 indicated by the types present, is subtropic, or at least mild temperate, 

 for with little variation the flora extends to the western coast of Green- 

 land. 



The Upper Cretaceous of Georgia, the flora of which is described in 

 the second part of the paper, is confined to a triangular area lying west 

 of the Ocmulgee River and comprises the eastward extension of the 

 Eutaw and Ripley formations. The former contains an abundant fossil 

 flora in its lower division, but the latter, except in the upper part, con- 

 tains little plant life. The physical conditions suggested are in accord 

 with the evidence from South Carolina and point to a mild, humid 

 climate, without frosts. 



A small but very interesting Middle Eocene flora from Georgia is 

 described in the third division of the paper. The Middle Eocene of 

 Georgia is for the greater part deeply buried beneath younger sediments, 

 but in the area lying between the Ocmulgee and Savannah rivers there 

 are outcrops which have yielded a fossil flora of 17 species. Most of these 

 have not been described previously and the author compares them with 

 European Eocene and modern related types. The conclusion is reached 

 that the Middle Eocene of this region enjoyed a much more tropical 

 climate than is represented by any other known Eocene flora. The 

 Georgia flora was probably immigrant from the south and reached 

 northward at least as far as latitude 33 N. 



R. C. M. 



