Notices of Memoirs — Br. Elk — Problems in Quebec Geology. 83 



to the following genus — Dolichometopus, Angelin, of the Upper 

 Pnrndoxtdes Beds of Sweden, and is found in beds of similar age in 

 Eastern Canada. With it is associated Dorypyge, Dames (=zOleno{cles 

 in part of Walcott), which is a Middle CamlDrian genus in Montana 

 and is found also in the Olenellus Fauna of Eastern North America. 

 MicrodisGiis, a genus of small trilobites, extending in Eastern Canada 

 up to the Upper Paradoxides Beds, is found in the Olenellus Fauna. 

 Agnostus has a peculiar development in the Upper Paradoxides Beds 

 in the appearance at that horizon of the section Lmvigati ; the 

 Brevifrontes also abound there. These two sections appear to be 

 present in the fauna with Olenelhis. 



If we accept the view that there has been a regular development 

 of the faunas through Cambrian time, it is difficult to understand 

 how Olenellus can be at the base of the Cambrian succession and yet 

 found in company with so many genera and subgenera which are 

 known members of the Middle Cambrian fauna, or that of the Upper 

 Paradoxides Beds. Olenellus has not yet been found below the 

 Paradoxides Beds, and the evidence adduced indicates that it ex- 

 tended above rather than below this part of the Cambrian system. 



11. — PROBLEMS IN Quebec Gteology.' By R. W. Ells, LL.D., 



F.R.S.C., of the Geographical Survey of Canada. 

 rpHIS paper is a brief review of the geological work done in the 

 X province of Quebec since the appearance of Dr. Bigsby's first 

 paper on the geology of the province in 1827. It contains a short 

 statement of the conclusions arrived at from time to time by the 

 various workers in this field regarding the structure of the rock 

 formations east of the St. Lawrence, as well as of the Laurentian 

 complex to the north of that river. A summaiy of the latest views 

 reached from the detailed study of these areas during the last fifteen 

 years, which has appeared in the last volume of the Geological 

 Survey's Eeport, is also presented. 



In regard to the structure of the older crystallines north of the 

 St. Lawrence and Ottawa rivers, it may be said that the opinion 

 once held, that these rocks were originally of sedimentary origin, 

 has now been greatly modified. The Laurentian rocks of Logan 

 are now divided into two great groups. Of these, the lower is 

 essentially a gneiss formation, and may be styled, for the sake of 

 distinction, the Fundamental Gneiss. This is clearly older in point 

 of time than the series of crystalline limestones, quartzose grey 

 gneisses, and quartzite with which they are often so iutiuiately 

 associated as to render the determination of their true relations in 

 the field difficult, but which at other points are clearly situated 

 above the lower gneiss formation. 



These newer gneisses and limestones, which have been styled by 

 Logan the " Grenville Series," are, without doubt, for the most part 

 of sedimentary origin, though they are invaded in all directions by 

 masses of granite, greenstone, and other forms of igneous rock. As 

 for the Fundamental Gneiss, also once supposed to be lai'gely of 

 ^ Abstract of paper read in Section C (Geology), British dissociation, Toronto, 1897. 



