110 G. F. Harris — Journey through Russia. 



of 45°, making the outer hinder angle of the head, which is its 

 widest part. 



The upper surface of the skull suggests a sort of cruciform pattern 

 owing to transverse extension outward of the narrow bars of the 

 postfrontal bones which margin the back of the orbits. The parietal 

 region is concave from side to side, margined in length by sharp 

 curved ridges which approximate towards each other in advance of 

 the middle length. In that narrowest part of the parietal the ovate 

 parietal foramen is situate. In those curved lateral ridges run the 

 sutures, which separate the flattened oblique posterior plates of the 

 postfrontal bones from the parietals, till near the squamosal, when 

 the postfrontal descends from the parietal ridge upon the squamosal 

 in the usual way. These oblong postfrontal plates make right angles 

 with the margins of the parietal bones to which they are external ; 

 they face towards the zygoma, and posteriorly the postfrontal and 

 zygomatic areas unite in a concavity which emarginates the squamosal 

 bone, and forms the upper lateral outline of the back of the head, 

 on each side of the narrower and shallower concave parietal area 

 between. The temporal vacuities are fully half as long again as 

 wide, and well exposed laterally owing to the low level of the 

 zygoma. 



The brain-case appears to be closed by the usual bones which form 

 the vertical occipital plate. They are slightly displaced. The 

 supra-occipital bone is quadrate and single. The interparietal is 

 above it. There is no evidence that the exoccipital bones form the 

 occipital condyle in the way affirmed for Oudenodoii raniceps, but 

 the exoccipital bones are large. There is no descending quadrate 

 pedicle, but the quadrate bone is short ; and the articulation for the 

 mandible appears to be above the level of the occipital condyle, 

 though that structure is not clearly shown. 



Seen from the side the superior contour of the head is gently 

 arched fi'om front to back. 



It will thus be evident that this species is distinct, and in some 

 details of the articulation for the lower jaw shows charactei-s which, 

 are exceptional in the group to which it belongs, though all the 

 short-nosed species have the skull depressed behind and wide from 

 side to side. 



IV. — Narrative of a Geological Journey through Kussia. 



2. Finland {continued from p. 15). 



By Geo. F. Harris, F.G.S., M.S.G.F., etc. 



PKOCEEDINGr in a westerly direction from Tamraerfors, we 

 stopped near the station of Siuro to examine some railway 

 cuttings where good sections of gneissose rock and mica- schist, 

 both of Pre-Bothnian age, occur. Macroscopically, the gneissose 

 rock is distinctly and regularly foliated, having small, lenticular, 

 streaks of quartz abundantly disseminated. Locally, however, the 

 section in the field exhibits much contortion ; and thin, irregular, 

 veins of quartz, manifestly of secondary origin, are not uncommon. 



