116 P. M. Kermode — Cervus giganteus in the Isle of Man. 



o 



country to the north of Abo and Helsingfors. Near Uleaborg, also, 

 are extensive deposits of Post-Pliocene sand, smaller patches of 

 which are met with at intervals in the western parts of the country 

 and bordering the Gulf of Bothnia. In the inteinor of Finland 

 this sand also occurs, and large outcrops are mapped to the 

 north-east of Teisko and near Lake Ladoga, and on towards 

 St. Petersburg ; in the southern part of Finland, however, it is but 

 sparingly represented, and it does not appear to occur at all in the 

 northern part of the country above Uleaborg. 



Perhaps, the most interesting glacial deposits of Finland are 

 the asar and stratified terminal moraines, which in some instances 

 stretch uninterruptedly for many miles across the country. We 

 had abundant opportunity of examining these at typical localities, 

 as will presently be described. 



Confining attention to the neighliourhood of Tammerfors for the 

 moment, I may remark that the geologists of Finland are of accord 

 that glacial phenomena there are not so simple as in other parts 

 of the Grand Duchy. Messrs. Sederholm and Ramsay state ' that 

 there are several systems of glacial strias. The predominating 

 directions are " S. 25° -30° E. et S. 60° -65° E. (cote frappe au 

 N.-W.)." To the south of Tammerfors the striations run W.-E., and 

 sometimes N. 65° E. These diverse directions are explained as 

 being formed during the retreat of the ice ; but to the north of 

 the town there are stria3 running S. 6° E., and belonging without 

 doubt to a more recent system, which is connected with a large 

 terminal moraine found to the north-west of Tammerfors and which, 

 by its configuration and sandy composition, resembles an as. What 

 is believed to be the oldest system of glacial striae in the district is 

 in the country to the south of the town where the grooves run 

 N. and S. The morainic gravel throughout is remarkably uniform. 

 The glacial clays in the southern part of Lake Nasi are recognized 

 as marine " Yoldia-clays," and there is also a fresh-water deposit. 

 (To be continued.) 



Y. — The " Irish Elk," Cervus oioanteus, in the Isle of Man. 



By P. M. C. Kekmodb, Esq., 

 Hon. Sec. Isle of Man Natural History and Antiquarian Society. 



IN September last the Committee appointed by the British 

 Association to " examine the conditions under which remains 

 of the Irish Elk were found in the Isle of Man " commenced 

 excavating at Close-y-garey, near Poortown ; but owing to the 

 unusual amount of water, considerable labour and expense were 

 incurred in the preliminary work of draining, and by the 25th 

 September the grant was exhausted. 



Our local Committee thereupon took up the work, issuing 

 a circular for subscriptions, the response to which enabled them 

 to carry on the excavations with such success that on the 30th 



^ Guide (op. cit.), p. 8. 



