Reports and Proceedings — Geological Society of London. 187 



Mr. Greenly, in reply, said : — Mr. President, — 



I wish to express my sincerest thanks to the Council of this Society for the great 

 honour which they have conferred upon me. It is also, Sir, additional pleasure to 

 receive it at your hands, when I think of your own pioneer researches in the same 

 field. "With regard to my own work, its present field was chosen because I wished 

 to continue to utilize the experience and training for which I am so deeply indebted 

 to the Geological Survey. Mapping itself I continue to do, not merely because 

 I have faith in it as a method of research, but because it is a pleasure, and 

 I know of no more delightful employment. Nevertheless it is a method which 

 involves much that might be called drudgery, with no apparent reward. At such 

 times this Award will ever be an encouragement to persevere, as I hope to do while 

 I have strength and opportunity. 



The President then proceeded to read "his Anniversary Address, 

 in which he first gave Obituary Notices of several Fellows and 

 Foreign Members deceased since the last Annual Meeting, including 

 J. J. Steenstrup (elected F.M. in 1879), A. des Cloizeaux (elected 

 F.M. in 1884), T. C. Winckler (elected F.O. in 1874), E. D. Cope 

 (elected F.C in 1881), 0. Fraas (elected F.C. in 1897), Kev. P. B. 

 Brodie (elected a Fellow in 1834), J. G. Moore (elected in 1838, 

 Secretary in 1846), S. Allport (elected in 1869), Brooke CunliflFe 

 (elected in 1845), Kev. S. Haughton (elected in 1853), Sir A. W. 

 Franks (elected in 1867), Eev. E. Hunter (elected in 1868), 

 S. Laing (elected in 1858), H. Drummond (elected in 1877), and 

 Sir J. Maitland (elected in 1890). 



He then dealt with the Evidence of the Antiquity of Man 

 obtained from Ossiferous Caverns in Glaciated Districts in Britain, 

 and maintained that the remains of the extinct mammalia found 

 in them must have been introduced before any of the Glacial 

 deposits now in or upon them could have been laid down : therefore 

 either before, or so early in, the Glacial period that there could not 

 have been at the time any considerable amount of snow on the 

 neighbouring mountains, or glaciers even in the higher valleys. 



From caverns in glaciated areas in North and South Wales, where 

 PalEeolithic implements have been found in association with remains 

 of the extinct mammalia, facts have been obtained which make it 

 certain that the implements were those of man living at the same 

 period as the extinct animals in those areas, and therefore of 

 Pre-Glacial age. It has also been shown that, as the cold increased, 

 the higher valleys became filled with glaciers and the caverns 

 became uninhabitable. That afterwards, as the snow-line and 

 glaciers descended lower and lower, some of the caverns were 

 subject to inundations, which not only disturbed and rearranged 

 the deposits previously in them, but wholly or partially filled them 

 up with local materials. That in the Vale of Clwyd, North Wales, 

 the local glaciers gradually coalesced with those from the western 

 and northern areas, and a mixed material was distributed over the 

 district to a height of over 600 feet, burying the ossiferous caverns 

 beneath it. During this time also water re-entered some of the 

 caverns, redisturbing in part the earlier contents and depositing 

 some of the mixed drift over that previously accumulated in the 

 caverns. 



