346 W. Gunn — Carloniferous BocJcs of England ^ Scotland. 



limestones). Further south it receives the name of the Sis- Yard 

 Stone, and in Weardale and Teesdale it is called the Three-Yard. It 

 is the Little Limestone, 12 feet thick, in the Wensleydale section. 



No. 4 Limestone is the Eelwell of Lowick and the Main Lime- 

 stone of Beadnell and North Sunderland, and farther south in 

 Northumberland it is called the Nine- Yard. In Weardale and 

 Teesdale it is the Five- Yard, and in Swaledale it goes by the name 

 of the Third Set of Lime. It is the ' Fossil ' Lime of Wensleydale. 



Now it is these four limestones, with the intermediate strata, that 

 form the group of limestones at Cat Craig, near Dunbar, which is 

 the lower division of the Carboniferous Limestone Series of Scotland, 

 and therefore these marine limestones of Scotland represent only 

 the upper part of the Yoredale Series of Phillips. 



The limestones numbered one to four have been traced almost 

 continuously for nearly 100 miles, and we are certain of their 

 identity, but the limestones below these have not been so traced, and 

 there is some uncertainty about their exact equivalents. It seems 

 most probable, however, that the six comparatively thin limestones, 

 from 5 to 10 feet each, between the Eelwell and the Oxford, 

 represent the Scar, Cockleshell, Singlepost, and Tynebottom Lime- 

 stones of Weardale and Teesdale, and that the Oxford is on the 

 horizon of the Hardraw Scar, or lowest bed of Phillips' Yoredale 

 Series of Limestones. This much is certain, that the Woodend and 

 the Dun Limestones are far below this horizon, and represent portions 

 of the Mountain Limestone or Great Scar Limestone of Ingleborough. 

 The Woodend is called in the Alnwick district the Hobberlaw Lime- 

 stone, and in the Otterburn and Redesdale districts the Fourlaws 

 Limestone, while the Dun is identical with the Kedesdale Limestone. 

 In Scotland generally these marine limestones below the Eelwell 

 are represented by the estuarine Calciferous Sandstone Series. We 

 have, however, a narrow strip of Lower Carboniferous rocks some 

 six miles in length north of the Tweed, along the coast between 

 Berwick and Burnmouth, and here most of the beds below the 

 Eelwell can be observed, though the section near Berwick is a good 

 deal faulted. Between the pier and the Fisherman's Haven the 

 Eelwell, repeated by faults and folds, occurs four times over, the 

 Oxford then is faulted against it, and in the area bounded by faults 

 at the Bay of the Burgess' Cove occurs a set of beds of Tuedian-like 

 aspect on the Oil Shale horizon. Northwards from this is a pretty 

 continuous section from the thick sandstone above the Woodend 

 Limestone down to the genuine Tuedians, which, with a steep 

 reversed dip, are faulted against the Silurian rocks at Burnmouth. 

 The Woodend and the Dun Limestones are thinner hei'e than they 

 are generally in Northumberland. The Dun or Lamberton Lime- 

 stone may be followed along the coast for nearly three miles, and 

 below it are found some at least of the Scremerston Coals, which 

 were formerly worked at Lamberton, but were found to be poor and 

 thin in comparison with the same seams south of the Tweed. 



About 12 miles to the north-west, in a direct line from Burnmouth, 

 Lower Carboniferous rocks are found on the coast of Berwickshire, 



