TF. Gitnn — Carhoniferoiis Rocks of England ^- Scotland. 347 



opposite Cockbnrnspath. We can recognize here in the white sand- 

 stones, interstratified with shales and with several thin and poor 

 seams of coal, the representatives of the Scremerston Coal Series ; 

 the group of the Dun and Woodend Limestones is represented by 

 a marine limestone in Cove Harbour, and in the next bay to the west- 

 ward, immediately under the hamlet of Cove, occurs our well-marked 

 band of oil shale. So far the section on this coast is very clear, but 

 now the rocks which have been dipping steeply north or north-west 

 flatten or undulate, though there seems to be a generally ascending 

 series all along the coast to near Dunbar. Opposite Linkhead, 

 34 miles from Edinburgh, there is found.an impure encrinital lime- 

 stone, which seems most probably to represent the Oxford. Thus 

 nearly all the lower limestones are dying out one after the other as 

 we proceed westward, and at Skateraw most of the thin limestones 

 between the Oxford and the Eelwell have disappeared, while at 

 Cat Craig the lowest limestone is the Eelwell itself. My colleague 

 Mr. Bennie, who has collected extensively both from the Acre Lime- 

 stone of Lowick and from the second limestone (counting from below) 

 at Cat Craig, has come independently to the conclusion that these 

 limestones are the same, because they contain a similar assemblage of 

 fossils. As all the rocks below the group of marine limestones at 

 Dunbar have been classed as Calciferous Sandstones, it is now clear 

 that the latter include representatives in time of tlie lower half of 

 the Yoredale Rocks and the whole of the Mountain Limestone ; and 

 possibly the lowest part is older than the Scar Limestone of Ingle- 

 borough. 



The upper part of the Scottish sectional column, viz. that called Car- 

 ■ boniferous Limestone Series, is copied from that given by Mr. Howell 

 on p. 73 of the Survey Memoir on the geology of the neighbourhood 

 of Edinburgh, and it represents the Edge Coals of Midlothian 

 Coalfield. Here we have a great development of coal-seams above 

 the uppermost Yoredale Limestone, and higher up three thin marine 

 limestones also accompanied by coal-seams. We have undoubtedly 

 in Northumberland the equivalents of these upper limestones, also 

 associated with workable coals, which, however, have been omitted 

 from the Northumberland tables ; lower down we have, close 

 together, three or four coals which have been worked at Lickar, near 

 Lowick ; and elsewhere in Northumberland they are known as Little 

 Limestone Coals. It seems pretty clear, then, that the Edge Coal 

 Series of Midlothian is but an extraordinary development of these 

 Lickar Coals. Even the total thickness of the beds in the Scottish 

 section, some 1,300 feet from the lower limestones up to the 

 Millstone Grit, can be matched in some parts of Northumberland. 

 In Wensleydale this series is represented by a peculiar set of cherts, 

 cherty limestones, etc., which cannot here be described, and on 

 Ingleborough by a mass of shale. The term Yoredale was by 

 the Geological Survey extended so as to include these beds, but they 

 were classed by Phillips with the Millstone Grit, though sometimes 

 he seems to have included a portion of them in his Yoredale Series. 



It will thus appear how far from the truth was the old view that 



