PLEISTOCENE VULCAN ISM OF BRITISH COLUMBIA 265 



which can be seen to rest upon glacial till, and upon rock surfaces 

 which bear striae belonging to both periods of glaciation. These 

 later lava-streams are therefore undoubtedly post-glacial. Their 

 surface is covered with a well-grown forest. 



A small cinder-cone, some 500 feet in height, about four miles 

 north-northeast of Red Mountain, is the most northerly volcanic 

 vent exam.ined. It stands in the mouth of a large cirque which 

 faces the north and opens upon a valley known as Desolation 

 Valley. This is an abandoned glacial hanging valley and con- 



FiG. 2. — Cinder Cone in Desolation Valley. The cone is in the middle distance 

 covered with dark bushes. To the right is a snow-field, and one of the glaciers dis- 

 charging from it beside the cone. In the left foreground are a small lake and the 

 outwash-delta of the glacial stream. The ridge which bounds the snow-field forms 

 the background. 



tains a number of lakes. Its floor is about 5,350 feet above sea- 

 level. The cirque contains a large snow-field, whose lower edge rests 

 against the side of the volcanic cone and discharges by a glacier on 

 each side of it. There is evidence that the ice at one time overrode 

 parts of the cone which are now free from it, and probably filled 

 the valley on the north side of it since the volcano was active. A 

 small lake lying in the valley is rapidly being filled by a delta of 

 outwash from the glacier, most of which consists of volcanic 

 materials. A glacial stream which flowed over the western part of 

 the cone from the snow-field behind it has cut a ravine in the 

 flank of the cone in which a cross-section of the faulted tufaceous 

 strata is well shown. The summit is 5,850 feet above sea-level and 

 the cone has a crater about 70 feet deep, which was partially filled 

 with water at the time of our visit. 



