BEREA SANDSTONE IN ERODED CLEVELAND SHALE 767 



who ascribed its position to faulting/ Kindle stated that "in the 

 vicinity of Lorain and for several miles to the westward, the shales 

 [Cleveland] are concealed along the lake by glacial deposits. The 

 shale cliffs reappear again, however, near the mouth of the Ver- 

 milion River. Here along the shore east of the river, broad, low 

 anticlinal rolls prevail. These are interrupted by a fault which 

 brings the Berea sandstone down to lake level and beneath which 

 it dips at 45 degrees." 



The writer wishes to advance another theory than that of 

 faulting, for the occurrence of the Berea sandstone in the place 

 which it occupies in the Cleveland shale; but first, a detailed 

 description of the geology of this locality is necessary. 



The Berea sandstone is composed of massive beds 10-15 ft. 

 thick, with a total height of 20-30 ft. from the water's edge to the 

 highest point of sandstone; the average would be about 25 ft. 

 On the horizontal, the sandstone extends about 100 ft. It dips 

 beneath the lake at an angle of 45 degrees. The stone, itself, is 

 gray, with a moderately coarse grain. 



West of the Berea sandstone there is no outcropping of rock 

 for about 200 yds., when the Cleveland shale, that elsewhere forms 

 the lake-cliffs of this region, again comes to the surface and con- 

 tinues westward as the lake-cliff. The covered area is composed 

 of glacial drift. 



On the east side of the sandstone, soft, blue-gray shale extends 

 from the lake beach up the lake-cliff, until near the top of the bank 

 the gray shale turns reddish in color. This reddish shale, however, 

 is due to oxidation, for on digging into it, the gray shale is found at a 

 depth of 5 in. from the surface. The red shale is simply oxidized 

 gray shale. The shale is capped by drift, 5 ft. thick. 



A concretionary sandstone layer, i ft. thick, occurs interbedded 

 in the gray shale at about 20 ft. vertically up the bank when first 

 seen beside the Berea sandstone. The gray shale and the con- 

 cretionary sandstone layer extend eastward 75 ft. on the horizontal, 

 when they are covered for 125 ft. by drift. At the end of the 



' E. M. Kindle, " Stratigraphic Relations of the Devonian Shales of Northern 

 Ohio," American Journal of Science, August, 1912, pp. 187-213. For reference to 

 quotation see p. 208. 



