770 WILBUR GREELEY BURROUGHS 



THE HYPOTHESIS OF FAULTING 



Now, if these isolated bodies of Berea sandstone owe their 

 present position to faulting, the downward movement, as measured 

 by present horizons, must have been an approximate vertical 

 displacement of 120 ft., for that is the vertical distance between 

 the base of the nearest portion of the main body of the Berea 

 formation, and the base of the Berea sandstone dipping under 

 Lake Erie. This is a very great throw for this region where all 

 other vertical displacements, as far as the writer is aware, are less 

 than 75 ft. at the most. Also, the presence of several acres of 

 sandstone one-half mile to the south of the sandstone on the lake 

 shore, would hardly have occurred in such quantity through the 

 gentle faulting to which these regions of northern Ohio have been 

 subjected. 



BEREA SANDSTONE IN ERODED CLEVELAND SHALE 



The writer advances the following theory for the formation 

 of these isolated and most northerly bodies of Berea sandstone: 



At the same period when the deep channels in the Bedford 

 shale of the Amherst district, 5^- miles to the southeast, were 

 being cut, a stream, as shown by the exposed gray shale and Berea 

 sandstone, cut a channel 175 ft. wide (and without doubt a far 

 greater width could be proven if the outcrops were not covered) 

 into the Cleveland shales. 



The Cleveland shale of this district was thus a land area at 

 probably the same time that the Bedford to the south was above 

 the level of the sea. When deposition took the place of erosion, 

 alluvial sediments were deposited in this channel in the Cleveland 

 shale. These sediments later formed the soft gray shale, previously 

 described. The concretionary sandstone bed was laid down at the 

 time these alluvial gray sediments were deposited. As occurs 

 in certain of the Bedford channels, the deposited material slumped 

 toward the sides of the channel, which accounts for the dip of the 

 concretionary sandstone bed toward the Cleveland shale which 

 formed the side of its channel. 



Later, the soft alluvial material was worn away to some extent 

 and the Berea sands deposited in the channel thus formed. The 



