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at quails, sparrows, and others of the like calibre. The mode of 
starting it is different from that used with any other hawk. The 
falconer holds the little well-drilled savage within the grasp of his 
hand, the head and tail protruding at either end, and the plumage 
carefully smoothed down. When he arrives within twenty or thirty 
yards of the quarry the sportsman throws his hawk, much as he 
would a cricket-ball, in the direction of it. The little creature gains 
his wings in an instant, and strikes his game after the manner of the 
Bhause (Astur palumbarius).” 
3. ELanus minor, Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 22 (1849). 
Elanus melanopterus of India and Malasia, Auctorum. 
ANGKAL-ANGKAL of the Javanese (Horsf.). 
KupaseE and Cuanwa of the Hindoos (Jerdon). 
Mr. Hodgson gives the following notice of the habits of this bird. 
“The Chanwa, or Black-wing, quests chiefly in the morning and 
evening, feeding upon small birds, insects and mice. It does not 
usually seize upon the wing, though its hunting be, for the most 
part, by continuous questing. Commonly, it is seen skimming the 
cultivation like a Circus, occasionally poising itself on the wing for 
the purpose of getting a distincter view of some mouse, small bird, 
or insect which has stirred on his beat, and upon which, when clearly 
perceived, it stoops perpendicularly with the speed of lightning. 
After a while, it will resort to some low roost, and, when relieved, 
commence another excursion, or, perchance, sit and watch there for 
its prey. Its forward flight is easy, low, and silent, but very effective 
in evolution, when exertion is required to capture such nimble game 
as mice, which constitute its ordinary food. It frequently whips off 
insects from the stalks of standing grain, and this feat is, of course, 
accomplished on the wing. I have also seen it pursue cuckoos and 
sparrows with uncommon energy, but I never witnessed it strike a 
bird in the air. The Chanwa doubtless can, and sometimes does, 
seize its feathered prey on the wing.” 
4. Minvus covinna, Sykes, P. Z. 8. 1832, p. 81. 
Milvus melanotis, Temm. et Schleg., Faun. Jap., t. 5. 
Milvus cheele, Jerdon, Madras Journ. x. p. 71. 
Haliaétus lineatus, Gray’s Ill. Zool., i. t. 18. 
Milvus indicus et subhimalayanus, Hodgson. 
The Govinda kite. 
Cueex or Curt of the Hindoos (Hamilton). 
From Pinang. 
5. SprzAETUS LIMNZETUS. 
Falco limneétus, Horsfield. (Zool. Res. in Java). 
Limneétus Horsfieldii, Vigors, Mem. Raffles App. p. 649. 
Astur unicolor, Temminck, Pl. Col. 134. 
Wourv-xawa of the Javanese (Horsf.). 
6. SpPIZAETUS CIRRHATUS. 
Falco cirrhatus, Gmelin. 
