125 
“To begin with Man, the upper region is the exclusive habit of 
the Bhétias, who extend along the whole line of the ghats, and 
who, with the name, have retained the lingual and physical charac- 
teristics of their tramontane brethren. To the central region are 
confined—but each in their own province from east to west—the 
Mishmis, the Bors and Abors, the Akds, the Daphlas, the Lhopasy 
the Lepchas, the Limbis, the Kirantis, the Miurmis, the Néwars, 
the Stinwars, the Chépangs, the Gurings, the Magars, the Khas or 
Khasias, the Kéhlis, the Garhwélis, the Kakkas, the Bambas, the 
Gakars, the Khatirs, the Awans, and the Janjihs. To the lower 
region are as exclusively limited the Kécch, the Bédd, the Dhimal, 
the Kichak, the Thdrd, the Dénwar, the Sallah, and the Béksar. 
Of these races, those of the central region are all of transnivean 
origin, like the first named; but they are much altered in speech 
and aspect by twelve to fifteen centuries of residence in a cisnivean 
climate, and by mixture in some few cases (as Khas or Khasia) with 
southern blood ; whilst the races of the lower region are of the 
aboriginal Indian or Tamulian stock, and nearly unmixed, though 
some of them have adopted the speech and customs of the Hindus*. 
The hill Brahmans, Rajptits and Moslems, so common to the west- 
ward, so rare to the eastward, are more modern immigrants from the 
plains. It is very deserving of special notice, that the people of the 
upper region cannot endure the climate of the central one, nor those 
of the central region the climate of the lower one; so that the distri- 
bution even of the human race in the Himélaya affords a remarkable 
verification of our triple transverse division from a quarter the least 
likely to afford any such argument. But to proceed to our zoological 
enumerations. To the upper region exclusively belong, among the 
Ruminants, the Bisons (Poéphagus) and Musks, the Wild Goats 
(Ibex, Hemitragus) and Wild Sheep (Pseudois, Ovis) ; among the 
Rodents, the Marmots and Pikas (Lagomys) ; among Plantigrades, 
the Bears proper (Ursus). In the middle region, true Bovines (Bos) 
take the place of the Bisons of the upper region ; Caprine Antelopes 
(Nemorhedus, Kemas) replace its Musks and Wild Goats and Sheep ; 
common Rats, and Mice, and Hares, and Porcupines, and Hedge- 
hogs, its Marmots and Pikas; and Sun Bears (Helarctos) its true 
Bears ; whilst the Deer family, unknown to the upper region, is here 
represented only+ by the anomalous Stilt-horns (S¢ylocerus). In 
the lower region, the Ox family is represented by Bibos and Bu- 
balus (splendid wild types); the Deer family, here abundant, by 
Rusas, Stags, Axises, and Stilt-horns to boot; the Antelopes by 
Tetracerus, or the four-horned kind; the Rodents, by the Bambi 
is also nearly the limit of possible investigation, and of the existence of organic 
phenomena. 
* For these tribes see Journ. As. Soc. Beng. for December 1847, and April and 
June 1848, and May 1849. 
t I am fully aware that Rusas (Samber) are found in the western hills, but a 
careful consideration of the facts in that part of the Himalaya, with due advert- 
ence to the known habits of the group, satisfies me that these Deer have been 
driven into the western hills by the clearance of the Tarai and Bhaver. 
