126 
Rats (Rhizomys) and Spmy Hares (Caprolagus) ; and the Bear 
family by the Honey Bears (Melursus) ; add to all which, that to 
this region are exclusively confined all the large Pachyderms, such 
as the Elephant and Rhinoceros; and the Monkeys also (Semno- 
pithecus et Macacus), though not so exclusively in their case. The 
#arnivora, again, are represented in the upper region by Ounces, by 
Foxes of a large sort (VY. montanus), by the Weasels proper, and by 
the diluri or Cat Lories; in the middle region, by the Wild Dogs 
(Cuon), the Marten Weasels, Leopards, Thick-tailed Leopards 
(F. Macrosceloides, Hodgs.), Wild Cats (F. Murmensis, Pardo- 
chrous Ogilbit}, Libyan Lynxes (Libycus), Zibets, Screw-tails 
(Paradoxurus), and Prionodons ; and in the lower region by Tigers, 
Leopards, Hyzenas, Wolves, Jackals*, insectivorous Foxes (Kokri), 
Bear-badgers (Ursitarus), Urvas, Mangooses, Helictes or Oriental 
Gluttons, small Civets (Viverrula), hirsute Screw-tails, and sharp- 
faced Cats (Celidogaster). Zibets recur in this region but rarely, 
and one small species of Mangoose is found in special spots of the 
central region. The Otters in the upper region are represented by 
the small golden and brown species (L. aurobrunnea) ; in the central, 
by L. monticola and indigitata; in the lower, by the large Chinese 
species L. Sinensis. Among the Squirrels, the great thick-tailed 
and purple species (S. macruroides et purpureus) belong solely to 
the lower region; the small Lokries (8. Lokria et Lokroides) to the 
central, and the Siberian to the upper; whilst Flymg Squirrels, a 
numerous group, are confined to the central region, so far as appears. 
In the Bat group, the Frugivorous species, or Pteropines, all are 
limited to the lower region, whilst the Horse-shoes (Rhinolophine) 
specially affect the central region. 
“From the class of Birds we may select as characteristic of the 
three regions the following :— 
“The True Pheasants (Phasianus), the Tetraogalli, the Sanguine 
Pheasants (Ithaginis), the Horned and the Crested Pheasants (Ceri- 
ornis, Lophophorus) of the upper region, are replaced by Fow] Phea- 
sants (Gallophasis)+ in the mid-region, and by Fowls proper (Gallus) 
in the lower. In like manner, among the Partridges (Perdicine), 
the Grouse Partridges (Tetraoperdiz) belong exclusively to the upper 
region ; the Chukérs (Caccabis) and the Tree Partridges (Arboricola) 
to the central; and the Francolines (Francolinus) to the lower, 
though the black species of this last form are also found in the mid- 
region. In the Pigeon group, the Blanched Pigeons (C. leuconota) 
belong solely to the upper region ; the Vinous Pigeons (C. Hodgsont) 
* Jackals have made their way (like crows) to the most populous spots of the 
central region, but they are not proper to the region, nor Indian Foxes, though 
some of the latter turned out by me in 1827 in the great valley of Nepal, have 
multiplied and settled their race there. Ew his disce alia. 
+ The influence of longitude on geographic distribution might be singularly 
illustrated, did space permit, from numerous Himalayan groups, Galline and 
others: thus, for example, a black-breasted Ceriornis is never seen east of the 
Kali, nor a red-breasted one west of it. So of the black and white crested Gal- 
lophases; whilst a black-backed one is never seen west of the Aran, nor a white 
back east of it. 
