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to the central, and the Green, the Golden, and the Banded (Treron, 
Chaleophaps, Macropygia), as entirely to the lower; the Trerons 
alone partially entering the central tract from the lower. 
“The splendid Edolian Shrikes (Chibia, Chaptia, Edolius) belong 
exclusively to the lower region. They are replaced in the central 
tract by plain Dicrurines, and in the upper by plainer Lanians. The 
Cotton Birds (Campephaga) of the south are replaced by gaudy 
Ampelines (Cochoa) and Leiothricinians (Leiothriz, Pteruthius, 
Cutia) in the middle region: but both groups seem excluded from 
the north. Among the Fly-catchers the gaudy or remarkable 
species and forms belong wholly or chiefly to the lower region, as 
Tchitrea, Rhipidura, Cryptolopha, Myiagra, Hemichelidon, Chelid- 
orynx ; whilst those which approach the Warblers (Niltava, Siphia, 
Digenea) belong to the mid-region ; and the plainer and more Euro- 
pean types are alone found in the northern. 
“Among the Fissirostres, Goat-suckers and Swallows are pretty 
generally distributed ; but Rollers, Bee-eaters, Eurylaimi, Trogons, 
and all such gaudy types, belong to the south, with only occasional 
alpine representatives, as Bucia is of Merops. The Tenuirostral 
birds belony distinctively to the lower region. Yet they have repre- 
sentatives or summer visitants in all three, even among the Sun- 
birds. Upon the whole, however, it may be safely said that the 
Sun-birds (Nectarinia) belong to the south; the Honey-suckers 
(Meliphagide) to the centre and south; and the Creepers, Nut- 
hatches and Wrens*, to the north and centre. The Sylvians or 
Warblers are too ubiquitarian, or too migratory for our present pur- 
pose, even Boreal types being common in the lower in the cold 
weather. Horn-bills, Barbets, Parroquets (Paleornis, Psittacula) 
belong to the lower region, though they have a few representatives 
in the central; none in the upper. Woodpeckers abound in the 
lower and central regions, but are rare in the upper. True Cuckoos 
(Cuculus) are as common and numerous in the central region as Walk- 
ing Cuckoos (Pheenicophaus, Centropus), &c. are in the southern, 
where also the Golden (Chrysococcyx) and Dicrurine Cuckoos (Pseud- 
ornis) have their sole abode, whilst what few of the group belong to the 
upper region, are all allied to the European type. The Ravens, Pies, 
Choughs, Nut-crackers and Conostomes of the upper region are re- 
placed in the central region by Tree Pies (Cissa, Dendrocitta), Jays, 
Rocket-birds (Psilorhinus), Pie Thrushes (Garrulaz), Timalias, and 
Hoopoe Thrushes (Pomatorhinus) ; and in the lower region, by the 
common Indian Crows (C. culminatus et splendens), Gracklest}, Stares, 
Vagabond Pies and Dirt-birds (Malacocercus). 'Thrushes proper 
* I have in this paper followed, without entirely approving, Mr. G. R. Gray’s 
classification of my collections in the printed Catalogue of the British Museum. 
The geographic distribution is now attempted for the first time. But I will recur 
to the subject in a separate paper devoted to it. 
+ When Darjeeling was established there was not a Crow or Pastor to be seen. 
Now there are a few Crows, but no Pastors. Enormously abundant as both are in 
the lower region, this sufficiently proves that they are not native to the central 
tract, though common in the great valley of Nepal. 
