34 STEPHEN R. CAPPS 



the Nizina River. In this range two peaks, Mount Sanford and 

 Mount Blackburn, rise to heights of more than 16,000 feet. Mount 

 Wrangell, a broad, dome-shaped mass, is 14,000 feet high, and many 

 peaks of the range have elevations of from 12,000 to 13,000 feet. 

 East of the Wrangell Mountains, and separated from them by Skolai 

 Pass, is the northwest end of the St. Elias Range. The highest peak 

 seen was Mount Natazhat, near the international boundary. This 

 prominent mountain has a height of about 13,000 feet. North of 

 the Wrangell Mountains and parallel with them, are the Nutzotin 

 Mountains. The two ranges are separated on the west by the 

 Copper River basin, and on the east by an area of low hills, but 

 between the heads of the Copper and Chisana rivers, the two ranges 

 approach one another without any sharp topographic break. The 

 Nutzotin Mountains reach elevations, in their higher portions, of 

 8,000 to 10,000 feet. The large rivers are the Copper, which makes 

 a great curve and flows south into the Gulf of Alaska, and the 

 Nabesna, Chisana, and White rivers, all of which join the Yukon 

 drainage. 



Pleistocene Geology 



The region covered by this report is bordered on the south by 

 the high ranges of the Wrangell and St. Elias mountains. The 

 name "Skolai Mountains" had been applied to a portion of this 

 range, on either side of Skolai Pass. Structurally and physiographi- 

 cally, however, the Wrangell Mountains are continuous w'ith the 

 Skolai Mountains, which in turn are directly continuous with the 

 St. Elias Range to the southeast. As the term Skolai Mountains 

 does not apply to any natural division of this range, it is here omitted. 



CENTERS OF GLACIATION 

 WRANGELL MOUNTAINS 



A very important feature of the Wrangell Mountains is the great 

 ice-cap which occupies the crest of the range, and which has its 

 greatest development in the region around Mount Wrangell (Fig. i). 

 From the periphery of tl. ' great feeding-ground valley glaciers 

 extend in all directions down the more important drainage lines. 

 This report is concerned only with those glaciers of this group which 

 extend to the north and northeast. In the Wrangell Mountains, 



