50 STEPHEN R. CAPPS 



areas and great systems of cracks at right angles to the Skolai Creek 

 Valley (Fig. 9) . There is little terminal moraine bordering this lobe, 

 and Skolai Creek has a flat bar composed for the most part of silty 

 quick-sands. 



Moraines. — ^A number of belts of medial moraine lie upon the 

 surface of this glacier. The most important one extends continuously 

 down the center of the main ice-lobe. Other less conspicuous lines 

 occur below the junction-points of the various heads. 



The terminal moraine forms a great lobe at the head of White 

 River. It was impossible to determine the line where the glacier ice 

 ends and the terminal moraine begins, as the two blend impercep- 

 tibly. A considerable area of the ice is moraine-covered, and there is 

 doubtless much ice inclosed in the moraine deposits. The moraine 

 is a "confused jumble of fine material and rock fragments of all sizes 

 and shapes. Drainage lines have been developed only along its 

 edges. 



Russell Glacier seems to be retreating. The terminal moraine 

 is new and barren of vegetation, and the ice above it is much decayed. 

 The comparatively recent age of the moraine is also attested by a 

 large admixture of the volcanic ash which is of widespread occurrence 

 in this region, and which lies as a white covering on the lower spurs 

 of the ridges north of Mount Natazhat. 



Small glaciers in the White River basin. — In some of the tributary 

 valleys to the west and south of the White River there are small 

 glaciers, the remnants of ice-tongues which formerly reached down 

 to the main valley. In Middle Fork and Lime creeks to the west, the 

 valley-heads contain glaciers, and smaller ice-fields lie on favorable 

 places along their walls. Wiley Creek, to the east of the great terminal 

 moraine, has an ice-field at its head. All the small streams which 

 join the White River between the great bend and Holmes Creek, 

 head in lobes of the ice-cap which covers the range. Holmes Creek 

 has a deep valley which extends for some distance back into the 

 mountains, and a glacier occupies this canyon to its mouth. Mount 

 Natazhat and the great ridge extending west from it, form a series 

 of magnificent cirques, with ice-tongues which extend to the foot of the 

 mountains (Fig. 10). 



Glacio-fluvial deposits. — The gravel deposits now being laid down 



