FLORA AND THE AGE OF RARITAN FORMATION 257 



fact that the Upper Raritan at South Amboy, N.J., furnished many 

 of these identical species and it is quite likely that some of the species 

 credited to South Amboy on the authority of Professor Newberry and 

 not since collected may really have come from within the Magothy 

 formation, since the Morgan locality which is of Magothy age would 

 not have been kept distinct from South Amboy as a place-name in 

 Professor Newberry's day. 



The known Montana Group flora, the published accounts of which, 

 by Dr. F. H. Knowlton, are contained in Bulletins 16 j and 2jy of the 

 U.S. Geological Survey, embraces over one hundred species of which 

 six are common to earlier horizons, two to the flora of the Dakota 

 Group, and five to that of the Raritan, all being pre-Senonian sur- 

 vivors. One of these. Sequoia reichenbachi, ranges from the base to 

 the summit of the Cretaceous and hence possesses no significance, and 

 another, Sequoia heterophylla, ranges up into the Senonian of Europe. 

 On the other hand not one of the characteristic Senonian (Montana) 

 species occurs in the Raritan and there are twenty-seven Montana 

 genera which are not even represented in the Raritan flora. Not 

 one of the eleven Lower Cretaceous species which persist into the 

 Raritan of the East are found in the Montana flora, although similar 

 Lower Cretaceous floras are known from the Trinity of Texas, the 

 Kootanie of Montana and Canada, the Lakota of the Black Hills, 

 and the Shasta of California. If they survive in the East until 

 Montana time, as has been asserted, why not at some other point on 

 the earth's surface where conditions must have been equally favorable ? 

 Furthermore, the characteristic genera of the Raritan flora, such as 

 Aralia, Sassafras, Celastrophyllum, Eucalyptus, Sterculia, Cissites, 

 etc., are entirely unrepresented in the Montana flora, which has a 

 totally different and more modern facies and the genera which are 

 common to the two horizons, such as Myrica, Magnolia, Ficus, etc., 

 have an entirely different set of species. 



In conclusion it should be pointed out that the Raritan flora as 

 developed in New Jersey includes over 150 species which are for the 

 most part well preserved and abundantly represented. In striking 

 contrast with this representative flora the supposed Raritan fauna 

 comprises a species of Astarte, one of Ambocardia, one of Rangia ( ?) , 

 two of Corbicula, one of Corbula, one of Turritella, and one of Cym- 



