REVIEWS 389 



with fluvial erosion, (8 and 9) regions of present and past glacial erosion, 

 (10) regions of Quaternary glacial accumulation. 



The chapter devoted to the cycle of fluvial erosion is well illustrated by 

 photographs and sketches and sections of maps. Another chapter deals 

 with the influence of the physical properties of the rocks in giving certain 

 features. In this chapter is also discussed the subterranean drainage 

 and karst topography. One chapter each is devoted to the tectonic 

 influences and the volcanic outflows in producing certain features. Follow- 

 ing this comes a somewhat detailed discussion of the evolution of drainage 

 systems, in which the nomenclature suggested by Davis is used to some 

 extent. This chapter is exceptionally full of diagrams in three dimensions, 

 prepared by the author, which bring out the stratigraphic conditions as well 

 as the surface features. 



A chapter on paleogeography with notions concerning the geologic 

 evolution is perhaps more subject to question than any other part of the 

 volume. The map of the continent of Gondwana (Fig. 271) (modified 

 from Freeh), which represents a land area stretching from Australia past 

 Africa to South America in Permo- Carboniferous times, will scarcely be 

 accepted by those who believe in the permanence of the ocean basins. It 

 seems to be based largely upon the distribution of the Glossopteris and 

 kindred plants in Permian time over this wide range of the earth's surface. 

 In addition to this Permo- Carboniferous map of the earth there is one 

 for the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanien) and the Quaternary; the latter 

 represents also the glaciation. In addition to these are representations of 

 European Miocene and Pliocene distribution of land and sea. The 

 mountain-making movements of Europe, in accordance with ideas of 

 Suess and Marcel-Bertrand, are also brought out in two sketch maps 

 (Figs. 270 and 273). 



A chapter is devoted to glaciers and glacial topography (pp. 600-647), 

 which is illustrated by a large number of excellent Alpine photographs and 

 by numerous sketches by the author both of European and American 

 features. These sketches as well as the maps and photographs and 

 descriptions bring out the results of glacial erosion very clearly. The 

 features of accumulation are treated more briefly. A map showing the 

 extent of Quaternary glaciation in the United States (Fig. 298), prepared 

 by Chamberlin in 1894 for Geikie's Great Ice Age, should have been replaced 

 by a map showing more recent results of mapping of moraines in the United 

 States. It also erroneously places the Illinoian glaciation in central Iowa. 



A chapter is devoted to eolian action and desert forms and another 

 chapter to the coastal topography. 



