A CENTRAL AFRICAN GLACIER OF TRIASSIC AGE 697 



in shales of this series as far north as the latitude of Nyangwe 

 which have been seen only near the Lualaba Valley. 



4. Probable glacial scratches, crescentric gouges, and smoothings 

 on the surfaces of older rocks upon which the Lubilache was laid 

 down. 



The presence of glaciers being, in the writers' mind^ proved by 

 the above evidence, it remains to determine, in so far as possible, 

 the character of the glaciers, the climatic condition under which 

 they existed, their extent, and their relation to the Permo-Carbon- 

 iferous glaciers of South Africa. 



AFRICAN EQUATORIAL GLACIERS OF THE PRESENT DAY 



Chamberlin and Salisbury' state that in equatorial regions the 

 snow line has an altitude of from 15,000 to 18,000 feet. 



Small mountain glaciers are known on three of the highest 

 peaks of equatorial Africa. Hans Meyer^ found on Kilima Njaro 

 (3° S.) small glaciers with lower limits at an elevation of 4,300 

 meters (14,100 feet). On Ruwenzori (1° N.) E. S. Moore^ found 

 several glaciers with the snow line at 13,500 feet above sea-level. 



Scott Elliof gives the snow line on this same mountain as 15,500 

 feet. J. W. Gregorys found glaciers on Mount Kenia situated on 

 the equator. The lower ends of these glaciers are 15,500 feet 

 above sea-level; the snow line being at 16,000 feet. Scott Elliot^ 

 believed that formerly glacial action extended to 5,200 feet on 

 Ruwenzori. Gregory '^ found evidences of old glaciers on Kenia at 

 about 10,000 feet, and Meyer^ states that on Kilima Njaro the 

 glaciers once pushed down to lower levels. Among certain geog- 

 raphers the conclusions concerning these Pleistocene glaciers 

 are doubted. 



^ Geology, I, 246. 



^ Hans Meyer, V erhandlungen der Gesells. fiir Erdkunde der Berlin, XXVI 

 (1899), 100. 



3 The Tanganyika Problem (London, 1903), 102. 

 'i A Naturalist in Mid-Africa (London, iSg6), 175. 

 ^Geographical Journal, IV (1894), 419-20. 

 ^ Elliot, op. cit., 172. 

 ' Gregory, op. cit. 

 * Meyer, op. cit. 



