700 SYDNEY H. BALL AND MILLARD K. SEALER 



in other places in the Kabambare region at the contacts between 

 beds of Lubilache and the older rocks, conglomerates are notably 

 absent, which argues against a source of the glacier in the general 

 region of Kabambare. 



RELATION TO PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION IN SOUTH 



AFRICA 



It has long been recognized that the Dwyka conglomerate at the 

 base of the Karoo formation in South Africa is a glacial moraine, 

 more or less reworked by water. These continental glaciers of 

 Permo-Carboniferous age lay to the north of Cape Colony,^ and 

 from this center pushed southward. 



The most northerly occurrence^ of this conglomerate is in lati- 

 tude 25° 40' S. 



The Stormberg beds, with which former Congolese geologists 

 have correlated the Lubilache, is a much younger formation of 

 Rhaetic age (close of Triassic) ; while, as Cornet^ believes, the earlier 

 Karoo members are probably represented by red sandstones named 

 by him the "Kundulungu" formation. The fossil evidence here 

 presented strengthens greatly this correlation. 



When the Lubilache lake formed, a tongue of morainal material 

 probably covered the Lualaba Valley. The bowlders, however, 

 composing it are believed to be too fresh for it to have been the 

 deposit of a Permo-Carboniferous glacier. Were such the case, 

 weathering throughout Triassic time would almost certainly have 

 destroyed the bowlders. Moreover, well up in the Lubilache forma- 

 tion iceberg-transported bowlders occur, indicating the presence 

 of glaciers at that time somewhere to the south. 



The source of the glaciers at the two periods appears to have 

 been in the same general region, and it is possible that, in some area 

 in northern Rhodesia or southern Belgian Congo, glaciers existed 

 for the greater part of Permian and Triassic time. 



' A. W. Rogers, The Geology of Cape Colony (London, 1905), 413. 

 ' See map of Transvaal, by T. H. Hatch and G. S. Corstorphine, The Geology of 

 S. Africa, London, 1905. 

 3 Cornet, op. cit., 413. 



