W. Shone— Post- Glacial Man in Britain. 79 



Newydd caves being pre-Glacial, on the ground that stone imple- 

 ments were found in them made from rock which occurs as boulders 

 in the Drift in the neighbourhood ; but it seems quite as possible that 

 man may have obtained the stone from its original locality, or from 

 moraines in the early period before the district was submerged, as 

 it had been brought near to the cave in the form of boulders." 

 Mr. Morton's conclusions are further strengthened by the occurrence 

 of veins of quartzite in the neighbouring Wenlock Shale of the 

 Moel Fammau range. Such a suspicion being possible at once 

 destroys our confidence in the assumption that the quartzite imple- 

 ments of Pont Newydd prove Palseolithic Man to be post-Glacial. 

 Then follows the important statement by Professor Boyd-Dawkins, 

 viz. : " The presence of the leptorhine Ehinoceros, Hippopotamus, 

 and ' straight-tusked Elephant, probably marks the earliest phase 

 of the occupation of the caves of Europe by the Palseolithic hunter." 

 If Britain were inhabited by this early race of Palaeolithic hunters 

 they must have traversed large areas of the surrounding country in 

 search of food. In the excitement of the chase it is inconceivable 

 that they should not have left many a lost weapon, which would 

 to-day testify to their existence in post-Glacial times. Taking 

 England from the Midlands to Berwick-on-Tweed, was ever country 

 so delved to make roads, harbours, mines, canals, railways, and great 

 towns and cities, yet no trace of this Palaeolithic hunter or of his 

 contemporaries "the leptorhine Ehinoceros, Hippopotamus, and 

 straight-tusked Elephant," has ever been found over this area upon 

 a post-Glacial surface or in post-Glacial strata. 



Neolithic Man. 

 How different in the case of Neolithic Man ; his relics are spread 

 far and wide over the land. A little careful study of the geo- 

 graphical and topographical distribution of his relics, as recorded 

 in Sir John Evans's "Ancient Stone Implements of Britain," will 

 soon afford ample proof. Neolithic Man belongs to the surface 

 period. On the Yorkshire Wolds his flint implements are scattered 

 in profusion, occuring in a foot of soil resting upon Chalk. Where- 

 fore the absence of the quartzite or flint implements of Palajolithic 

 Man, if he be post-Glacial? Again, if we search the Western 

 shores, we find the weapons of Neolithic Man, as at Delamere, 

 Beeston, and Tarporley in Cheshire, upon the surface of the Glacial 

 drift. Any trace of Palaeolithic Man is absolutely unknown. _ If we 

 examine the extensive low-lying plains, bordering the coast-lines of 

 Cheshire and Lancashire, the submerged peat and forest beds of 

 these counties have never yielded the slightest clue of Palaeolithic 

 Man or of the Mammalia characteristic of the PaliBolithic age. 



If, over that portion of Britain which was covered by the Glacial 

 Drift, Neolithic Man was post-Glacial, and early Palaeolithic Man 

 of Pont Newydd pre-Glacial, the Glacial Drift must fill the gap 

 between. In that case the Drift will be the equivalent of the 

 various gradations of Palaeolithic Man in the driftless areas of 

 Belgium and France. There are two points which would appear 



