Heviews — /. F. Whiteaves— Presidential Address. 139 



the results of the work of these geologists Mr. Whiteaves follows 

 the Cretaceous rocks in a direction from east to west geographically, 

 and in a descending order geologically, thus: (1) Manitoba and the 

 North-West Provinces ; (2) the Rocky Mountain region ; (3) British 

 Columbia, inclusive of the islands off the Pacific Coast; (4) the 

 Yukon district. 



In Canada, as in the United States, it is found convenient to adopt 

 a single division of the Cretaceous system and to draw the line 

 between the Upper or Later and the Lower or Earlier North 

 American Cretaceous, as nearly as possible at the base of the Dakota 

 Group, or of that of its local representative. 



Ilanitoha and the North-West Territories.— Jn these regions all the 

 Cretaceous rocks, as yet examined, appear to be referable to the 

 Upper or Later North American Cretaceous, as defined above. " It 

 is still doubtful," observes Mr. Whiteaves, " whether the Laramie 

 formation of Canada should be regarded as forming the summit of 

 the Cretaceous or the base of the Tertiary system, though, at present, 

 the consensus of opinion among geologists would seem to favour the 

 former view. In mapping the northern part of the district of 

 Alberta, Mr. Tyrrell found that the Laramie there is divided into 

 two series, and has expressed the opinion that its upper portion, 

 which he proposes to call the Pascapoo series, is of Eocene age, and 

 that its lower portion, which he calls the Edmonton series, and 

 which is equivalent to, Dr. Dawson's 'St. Mary River series,' of 

 Southern Alberta, is Cretaceous. This division is based mainly upon 

 palceontological evidence, and more especially upon the circumstance 

 that the Edmonton series is now known to contain numerous remains 

 of Dinosaurs (LceJaps, etc.), and that it is the highest horizon in 

 Canada at which Dinosaurs are known to occur." The divisions 

 adopted for the rocks of Manitoba and the North- West Territories 

 are: (1) The Laramie, in whole or in part; (2) The Pierre-Fox 

 Hills or Montana formation ; (3) The Belly River series ; (4) The 

 Niobrara-Benton, or Colorado formation ; (5) The Dakota. It was 

 found that in this region it was no longer practicable to separate the 

 Fox Hills group from the Fort Pierre group, nor the Niobrara from 

 the Benton. 



The Boclcy 3Iouxitain Region {inclusive of the Foot Hills). — In this 

 region the Cretaceous rocks occupy the bases of narrow troughs in 

 the Palaeozoic rocks. The fossils consist of the remains of plants or 

 of marine invertebrata. By means of the plants Sir J. W, Dawson 

 recognized three horizons in this region, viz. (1) The Mill Creek 

 series; (2) The Intermediate series; (3) The Kootanie series. The 

 following estuarine or purely marine divisions of the distorted 

 Cretaceous rocks of this region have been recognized: (1) The 

 Laramie ; (2) The Pierre-Fox Hills, or Montana formation ; (3) The 

 Niobrara-Benton, or Colorado formation; (4) The Devil's Lake 

 L>eposit. 



British Columbia and the Islands off the Pacific Coast. — The Cre- 

 taceous rocks of this region are taken in the following order: (1) 

 The Nanaimo group of Vancouver and the adjacent islands; (2) The 



