398 J. B. Tyrrell— North-Wed Territories of Canada. 



A white quartzite hill on the east side of Wharton Lake has three 

 distinct gravel terraces or shore-lines on its southern side at heights 

 of 60, 105, and 130 feet above the water. At the east end of 

 Aberdeen Lake scarps, gravel, terraces, and ridges extend up the 

 side of some hills of Kewenawan conglomerate to the height of 

 290 feet, the total series here having the following heights in feet 

 above the water in the lake : 290, 220, 180, 150, 105, 90, and 60. 

 On the side of a quartzite hill at the east end of Schultz is a well- 

 marked gravel beach which the aneroid showed to have a height of 

 260 feet above that lake, probably the same as the 220 feet beach on 

 Aberdeen Lake. 



Similar raised beaches are found in favourable localities all along 

 the shore of Hudson Bay. 



These beaches indicate a gradual, though probably intermittent, 

 rise of the land towards, or after the close of, the Glacial period ; 

 and some, even among the oldest of them, look as new as if they 

 bad been formed but yesterday, but it would seem that at Fort 

 Churchill, and probably along the rest of the coast, the land and 

 sea have reached conditions of comparative equilibrium. Some 

 evidence on this point was collected near Fort Churchill, and espe- 

 cially at Sloop's Cove, a little bay on the north side of tbe river, 

 where the ships of the Hudson Bay Company used occasionally to 

 winter about the middle of last century. This spot was visited on 

 the 29th of October and the 2nd of November of last year. The 

 ice was in it then up to the level of an average spring tide, which 

 had occurred two days before our first visit. 



The cove is forty paces wide and one hundred paces long, and on 

 each side are smooth well-glaciated hills of green quartzite rising 

 to about 25 feet above the ice. At the back is a grass-covered 

 bar of sand and gravel, joining the two disconnected hills of rock, 

 and separating the cove from a wide flat that is flooded at spring- 

 tide. The height of the summit of this beach was seven feet and a 

 half above the level of the ice, or about the level of extreme extra- 

 ordinary high tides. On the smooth glaciated surface of the rock 

 many names and dates have been cut, some of which are given below, 

 with their heights above the level of the ice : — 



Furnace and Discovery, 1741 3 ft. 3 in. 



J. Horner, 1746 6 ft. 



James Walker, May 25th, 1753 7 ft. 



Guilford Long, May 27-tli, 1753 7 ft. 



and many others. 



The " Furnace " and " Discovery," two small ships sent to discover 

 a North-west passage, spent the winter of 1741-42 in Sloop's Cove, 

 and left for the north as soon as the ice broke up in the spring of 

 the latter year. Probably the names were cut in the almost vertical 

 face of the rock by some one of the crew on whose hands the long 

 days of waiting in winter hung very heavily. They are almost as 

 high as a man would naturally reach if he were seated on a box or 

 keg on the ice at the foot of the rock. The dates May 25th and 

 May 27th opposite the names of James Walker and Guilford Long 



