Dr. H. Hides — Life Zones in Palcpozoie Rocks. 399 



would show that these names were cut when the ice was still solid 

 in the cove, for the ice does not break up in the river at Churchill 

 until the middle of June. These names were apparently cut by 

 men standing on the ice when it was about two feet higher than it 

 was last November, or when it was covered with two feet of snow. 

 Nine large iron rings had been set in the rock at heights varying 

 from two feet and a half to seven feet above the ice, just where they 

 would be convenient to tie a small ship to at present, for the cove 

 could not be entered, except at high tide. One other ring is fifteen 

 feet above the ice. 



All these signs of the winter occupation of this cove a century 

 and a half ago are such as might be made at the present time, and 

 are quite inconsistent with the theory that the rise of the land which 

 took place in post-Glacial times is still going on at a comparatively 

 rapid rate. 



III. — On some Life Zones in the Lower Paleozoic Eocks of 

 THE British Areas, as defined mainly by Eesearches during 

 the Past 30 Years. 



By Henry Hicks, M.D., F.R.S., F.G.S. 



[Contimied from the August Number, page 371.) 



Loicer Cambrian. 



UP to the year 1867 the only traces of organisms that had been 

 found in the beds then classed as Cambrian by the Geological 

 Survey (now Lower and part of Middle Cambrian of most authors) 

 were tracks and burrows of Annelids ; and the doubtful Trilobite 

 . Palceopyge found by Mr. Salter in the Longmynd rocks of Shropshire.^ 

 In " Siluria," fourth edition, 1867, p. 30, Sir R. Murchison refers to 

 them as follows : " These, then, are the only signs of former life we 

 have yet become acquainted with after the most assiduous researches 

 in the Cambrian deposits of such vast dimensions, which are often, 

 I repeat, less altered than much younger rocks replete with organic 

 remains " ; but, in the Appendix, p. 550, he says, " At the meeting 

 of the Geological Society on June 19th, 1867, Mr. J. W. Salter read 

 an account of the discovery of a minute Lingulella in the red 

 Cambrian rocks of St. David's, which there underlies the ' primordial 

 Silurian ' {miU). According to my view (and I am entitled to judge 

 by acquaintance with both districts) the rock in which the fossil 

 was found may be paralleled in age with the uppermost or red 

 portion of my original ' Cambrian ' of the Longmynd." This fossil 

 was found by me in the red beds, below the Paradoxides aurora 

 zone, which were then supposed to mark the Lower boundary 

 of the Menevian Group, and in the paper communicated to the 

 Geological Society, in which the account of its discovery is given, 

 are the following remarks by Mr. Salter:^ "Fossils in the red 

 Cambrian rocks are so rare, that no apology seems due for in- 

 troducing a single small specimen, lately gathered, after great 



1 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xii. (1856), and vol. xiv. p. 199. 



2 Ibid. vol. xxiii. p. 339. 



