JRemeivs. — Seismology in Japan. 471 



water close to the end of a glacier. Hence the whole question of 

 subdivision of the Glacial period is practically left in the position in 

 which Professor Lewis found it, and the criticism is the history of 

 his own increase of knowledge. 



The hypothesis of moraines, defining extra morainic lakes, in the 

 middle and east of England, which Professor Lewis introduced, 

 appears to rest essentially on the further hypothesis that the seas 

 were filled with glacial ice, which prevented the escape of fresh 

 water from off the land. Yet we are not aware of any evidence that 

 the Cromer Boulder-clay was deposited in fresh water, as Professor 

 Lewis supposes. Marine shells, especially Cyprina and Tellina, 

 abound in the Cromer Boulder-clay, though they are mostly broken, 

 and contemporary marine shells occur as far south as Ely, and this 

 may be taken as evidence of water transport ; but in view of the 

 southward extension of the Boulder-clay in the Eastern Counties, it 

 is difScult to find in it proof of a fresh-water origin. 



The hypothesis of extra morainic lakes in which icebergs moved, 

 does not appear to differ substantially from the older hypothesis of 

 iceberg deposition of Boulder-clay as held by Phillips, Sedgwick, 

 and many early observers, and the difference between Professor 

 Lewis and them is rather of degree than of kind in interpretation 

 of the facts. 



The notebooks of Professor Lewis are a record of observation, 

 never intended for publication, which will lead to useful work, in 

 following up the indications given of facts observed at points, which 

 are all carefully shown upon his maps. About 80 pages of these 

 notes are given to Ireland ; and the English notes are grouped 

 geographically, dealing with Durham and Northumberland, York- 

 shire ; Lancashire, Cheshire, and the Midland district ; the valley of 

 the Severn ; the east of England ; the south of England, Wales ; 

 together with many notes on illustrative subjects. No small part 

 of these notebooks is occupied with references to the literature of 

 the subject, and the author's notes on localities described by previous 

 observers. 



The volume is illustrated with several maps showing the dis- 

 tribution of glaciers in North America and the British Islands ; 

 and about 80 woodcuts, which are mostly diagrammatic records of 

 sections. There is an appendix by Mr. Percy Kendall, giving 

 observations on the Manchester Ship Canal, on Lancashire and 

 Cheshire glacial phenomena, and other subjects which he examined 

 in company with Professor Lewis. Mrs. Lewis throughout has 

 contributed notes in elucidation of her husband's work. The volume 

 is excellently printed ; but is, unfortunately, without an index. 



III. — The Seismological Journal of Japan, Vol. HI. 1894 (corre- 

 sponding to Transactions of the Seismological Society) : Edited 

 by Prof. J. Milne, F.R.S. pp. 106, Five Plates. 



Contents: (1) F. Omori: The Eruption of Azuma-san, pp. 1-22. (2) J.Milne: 

 Seismic, Magnetic, and Electric Phenomena, pp. 23-33. (3) E. von Rebeur- 

 Paschmtz : Description of an Apparatus for recording by Photography the Motions 



