Dr. H. Woodward — New Carhoniferous TriloUtes. 485 



dip of the strata (see section). There is a roof of about 9 feet of 

 limestone, then some thin bands of limestone and shale, and below 

 these several thick layers of soft shales, separated by thin seams of 

 limestone about 2-3 inches thick. In the upper of these broad 

 bands of shale most of the fossils have been found, with the excep- 

 tion of ' Palceocoryne,' ^ which occurs somewhat lower down. 



" The jointing of the shales is very clean cut, the horizontal lines 

 being usually parallel, though the surfaces of the joints are not. 

 There are also transverse joints likewise parallel. The cleavage is 

 parallel to the surface of the stratum, and very greatly developed for 

 2 or 3 feet from the exposed parts. 



" In the sketch may be seen two thin bands (c, c) at about 8 inches 

 apart, traversing and dividing the layers of shale {d, d). These 

 bands, about J inch thick, are harder, from the presence of more 

 lime, and are broken up into almost square blocks measuring f inch 

 each way. Most of the Trilobites were found about 1 inch above 

 each of these bands, the other organisms, the Crinoidal ossicles and 

 most of the shells in the same line or a little higher up. The rest 

 of the shale is almost free from fossils, and is covered with minute 

 flakes of mica. Altogether the shales are too brittle to allow us to 

 get out large slabs. It is easy to see that the Trilobites, especially 

 the smaller specimens, must have lived in groups together. The 

 largest specimens are often 4 or 5 inches apart from the others. We 

 cannot pretend to have fully examined the beds lower down, but 

 until now no ferns, or traces of terrestrial life, have been found in 

 strata nearer than 40 or 50 feet below this horizon." 



Genus Phillipsia, Portloch, 1843. 

 General form oval ; glabella with nearly parallel sides, marked 

 by either two or three short lateral furrows ; the posterior angles, 

 forming the basal lobes, always separated by a circular furrow from 

 the rest of the glabella; eyes large, reniform, delicately faceted; 

 cervical furrow deep ; free-cheek separated from the glabella by 

 the axial suture, which forms an acute angle with the circular 

 border of the cheek in front of the glabella ; whilst the facial suture 

 cuts obliquely across the posterior margin just behind the eye, 

 leaving a small pointed portion fixed to the glabella by the neck- 

 lobe ; angles of cheeks more or less produced, margin of head 

 incurved, forming a striated and punctated rim. Thoracic segments 

 nine in number, the axis distinctly marked off from the side-lobes 

 or pleur£e by the axal furrows ; the abdomen or pygidium usually 

 with a rounded border, the axis composed of from 12 to 18 coalesced 

 segments. 



1. Phillipsia van-der-Grachtii, sp. nov. PI. XIV. Figs. 1-6, 

 This is a small, but very interesting form of Trilobite. The 

 characters best observed are, the extremely long cheek-spines, more 



1 This form may prove to belong to quite another group of organisms. It is at 

 present under examination by Dr. Hinde, who has kindly consented to study it 

 microscopically. 



