J. E. Marr — Phymgraphy of Lakeland. 489 



bluntly within the margin of the shield (see Woodcut, supra, Fig. 2). 

 I have no doubt in referring this specimen to Fhillipsia gemmulifera, 

 Phillips, sp. (See H. Woodward's Mon. Carb. Trilobites, Pal. Soc. 

 Mon. 168-6, p. 17, pi. iii. figs. 1-6.) 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV. 



Figs. 1-6. Fhillipsia mn-der-Grachtii, H. Woodw. 



Fig. 1. Specimen showing part of head with long cheek-spines and entire body- 

 segments and pygidium. One eye seen on right side of head. X f . 



Fig. 2. A fairly well-preserved head-shield with long cheek-spines. X -f . 



Fig. 3. A nearly complete example viewed from the under side ; the test is, how- 

 ever, removed. It gives the general proportions fairly well. X f- 



Fig. 4. A specimen with the head and body-segments preserved, wanting the last 

 two, and the pygidium also, with one long cheek-spine only preserved; 

 eyes faintly seen. X f. . 



Fig. 5. Small specimen showing imperfect head-shield with eyes and cheek-spines, 

 body-segments displaced and pygidium squeezed over them. X f • 



Fig. 6. Imperfect specimen, showing head-shield and cheek-spines, eyes not pre- 

 served ; body -segments obscure. X f- 



Figs. 7-12. Fhillipsia Folleni, H. "Woodw. 

 Fig. 7. Specimen showing glabella, body-segments, and pygidium, but wanting 



left margin and both cheeks. X f- j -i 



Fig. 8. An entire but poorly preserved specimen, giving, however, valuable details 



of head, facial sutures, body -segments, and pygidium. X f- 

 Fig. 9. Specimen nearly entire, the pleurae injured on right side, showing eyes 



and facial sutures and angles of head-shield. 

 Fig. 10. A less perfect specimen, but with the test preserved. The pygidmni is 



perfect, and has a larger number of coalesced segments composing it than 



the others. Possibly distinct ? 

 Fig. 11. A detached free-cheek showing eye well preserved. 

 Fig. 12. A detached pygidium. 



All the specimens are from the thin, laminated, black carbonaceous shales. 

 Carboniferous formation : banks of the Hodder near the Bathing-cots below Hodder 

 House ; Stonyhurst. The "types " preserved in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). 



11. — Phtsiographical Studies in Lakeland. 



By J. E. Make., M.A., F.R.S., Sec.G.S. 



1. Church Beck, Coniston. 



WHEN working amongst the rocks of Lakeland, one is often 

 confronted with problems connected with the superficial 

 features of the country, and as some of these are of more than 

 local interest I propose to notice them from time to time. 



Church Beck, flowing in a south-easterly direction from the 

 eastern slopes of the Old Man range, passes through Coniston 

 Valley to discharge its waters into the head of Coniston Lake, not 

 far from the point of entrance of the more important Yewdale 

 Beck, which flows through the wide valley of Yewdale in a 

 southerly direction. Church Beck, on the other hand, flows through 

 an upland valley, and is joined by the union of Low Water, Lever's 

 Water, and the Red Dell Becks. Walking up its banks from 

 Coniston Village, one presently comes upon an exposure of the 

 Skelgill graptolitic shales at a height of about 225 feet above sea- 

 level. Above this, one rapidly mounts the hill, and passing a 



