J. E. Marr — Physiography of Lakeland. 539 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV. 



Fig. la, b. Cyclus Jonesianus, H. Woodw. (1870). x 3 times nat. size. Fig. lb. 

 Lateral view. Carboniferous L. Trearne, Beith, Ayrshire. 

 Coll. Dr. John Young, F.G.S., Glasgow. 



Fig. 2. Cyclus radiaUs, Phillips, sp. (1836). X 4 times nat. size. Dorsal view. 

 Carb. L. Trearne, Beith, Ayrshire. Coll. Dr. John Young, 

 F.G.S., Glasgow. 



Fig. 3. Cyclus Scotti, H. Woodw. (1893). X twice nat. size. Dorsal view. 

 Clay-ironstone nodule, Coal-measures, Coseley, near Dudley, 

 Staffordshire. 



Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7. Cyclus Johnsoni, H. "Woodw. (1894). X twice nat. size. In 

 Pennystone-ironstone nodules. Coal-measures, Coseley, near 

 Dudley. 



Fig. 4. Dorsal view, showing (2) antenna on right side and surface of shield. 



Fig. 5. Dorsal view, showing parts of a pair of antennae (imperfect), and trace of 

 tail-spine. Dorsal shield partly decorticated, showing con- 

 verging bases of limbs and labrum ? 



Fig. 6. Dorsal view of shield, partly decorticated, showing under-surface and traces 

 of bases of antennae. 



Fig. 7. Dorsal view, decorticated, showing bases of limbs and traces of small eyes 

 (pedunculated ?) . 



Figs. 3-7 are from the late Mr. Henry Johnson's Collection, now in the Geological 

 Department Collection of the British Museum (Nat. Hist.), 

 Cromwell Road, London, S.W. 



Fig. 8. Cyclus Eankini, H. Woodw. (1868). X three times nat. size. Dorsal 

 aspect of shield showing 6-7 paired bases of limbs converging 

 upon labrum ; each limb giving rise to a biramous swimming 

 or other appendage (see Woodcut in text, p. 634). A small 

 eye (pedunculated?) is seen in front on the right side and 

 traces of an antenna ? ; also impression for muscles of sucker- 

 attachment? Coal-measures, Carluke, Lanarkshire. Hunterian 

 Museum Coll. University of Glasgow. 



II. — Physiogkaphical Studies in Lakeland. 



By J. E. Maer, M.A., F.E.S., Sec.G.S. 



2. Swindale,^ 



TO the west of the London and North- Western Railway, after it 

 has surmounted the incline of Shap Fells, lies the valley of the 

 River Lowther, which eventually flows into the Eamont, which in 

 turn drains into the Eden. The Lowther, flowing in a general 

 northerly direction, receives the drainage of three important streams, 

 coming from the south-west. The first of these flows through the 

 valley of Wet Sleddale, just north of the Fells, which exhibit the 

 exposures of the Shap Granite. It is lettered W.S. in Fig. 1. The 

 second, Swindale (S. Fig. 1), the subject of this paper, joins the 

 Lowther stream at Rossgill Hamlet, about two miles north of Shap 

 Village, whilst the third, Haweswater Beck (H.B. Fig. 1), flows out 

 of Haweswater (H. Fig. 1) and joins the Lowther at Bampton. 



Proceeding up Swindale from Rossgill, we follow the road over 

 Rossgill Moor, a barren tract of country occupied by Skiddaw Slates, 

 to Swindale Foot, near which the Borrowdale Volcanic Group 

 appears, and causes the fine cliff scenery which marks the upper 

 part of Swindale. The road proceeds at the foot of these clifi's to 

 Swindale Head, a farm about four miles from Rossgill, and a little 

 below the semicircular line of cliff, which has been a prominent 



1 For No. 1, " Church Beck, Coniston," see Geol. Mag. November, p. 489. 



