J. E. Marr — Lower Palceozoic Rocks of Settle. 35 



can never have been exposed to the action of waves on a sea-beach, 

 and that consequently they must have been shaped either by perennial 

 coast-ice rising and falling w^ith the tides, or by a glacier which 

 descended to the sea and there gave off icebergs. In either case they 

 imply a change of climate which, if we bear in mind that the frag- 

 ments have all come from the southwards, and in many cases from 

 long distances, is of a degree and kind difficult if not impossible to 

 explain in accordance with accepted theories. 



YIII. — The Lowee Paleozoic Rocks near Settle. 

 By J. E. Maur, M.A., F.G.S. 



THE rocks of this area have been previously described by Professor 

 Hughes (Geol. Mag. Vol. IV.), and some notes upon the same 

 were subsequently submitted by myself to the British Association at 

 York in 1881, and published in the Proceedings of the Yorkshire 

 Geological and Polytechnic Society (Proc. Y. G. & P. S. jsr.s. vol. vii.). 



Further work was carried on this year, in company with a party of 

 Cambridge geologists, under the guidance of Prof. Hughes, and I have 

 to thank him and them for much information, and for the opportunity 

 of examining many specimens. 



Firstly, I would correct one or two errors in my previous paper. 



In the section in Austwick Beck, a considerable thickness of black 

 shales is indicated between the conglomerate and the calcareous band 

 with Phacops elegmis. These black shales are really below the con- 

 glomerate, which latter appears in each limb of the anticlinal repre- 

 sented in the section, though rnuch attenuated, and the black shales 

 have yielded Bala fossils, including Orthis testudinaria, Dalm. 



The only deposit between the conglomerate and the bed with 

 Phacops elegans consists of two or three inches of leaden-grey shales, 

 in which no fossils have been yet found. 



The beds marked 5 in the section already referred to, and described 

 as pale green shales, are really a portion of the same series as 6, and 

 contain identical fossils with it, and the difference of colour is simply 

 due to weathering. 



We must therefore strike the beds 3 and 5 out of the list of those 

 which I correlated with the Stockdale shales (Valentian), and admit 

 that these are represented at Austwick only by the conglomerate, the 

 leaden-grey shales, and the zone of Phacops elegans. That these thin 

 beds represent the whole of the Valentian of other areas is doubtful, 

 and it is possible that the representatives of the Coniston mudstones 

 are here absent, and that the pale slates only are represented. That 

 this may be the case is further indicated by the fact that Phacops 

 elegans does occur in the higher Valentian beds, as in the Tarannon 

 shales of Onny River, for I have recognized this species in the Jermyu 

 Street Museum from that locality. 



I may now proceed to a more detailed description of the different 

 deposits in ascending order, as seen in the small valley near Austwick, 

 through which Crummack Beck runs, and in the main Ribble Valley 

 to the north of Settle. 



As I do not wish to introduce new names, I shall speak of the beds 



