16 W. A. E. Vssher — The Culm of Devonshire. 



or red finely micaceous mudstones. In the north part of the area 

 the marly shales are less frequent, and hard thick-bedded whitish 

 sandstones and siliceous grits occur. Through the very irregular 

 association of the slates, shales and grits which form the major 

 portion of this series, many structural peculiarities are presented, 

 especially in the very irregular manner in which the constituent beds 

 have yielded to the strains to which they have been more than once 

 subjected since their deposition. The accompanying diagram repre- 

 sents a case of contortion in the cliff near Westcot, the occurrence 

 is presented in a space of about seven square feet. Near it we have 

 a bed of greenish grey grit lying across the edges of a trough in the 

 subjacent shales (Fig 2). 



The coast from Portledge Mouth towards Westward Ho shows 

 successively reddish-brown and lilac grits, grey grits, blackish shales 

 and grey grits, dark grey shales and slaty beds, hard grey grit form- 

 ing an anticlinal, shales with thin beds of grit, massive grey grits 

 and grey shales. It was from this part of the coast that the diagrams 

 were taken, — irregular concretionary grits on a thick bed of whitish 

 grit at about 85 chains from Portledge Mouth, upon thick beds of 

 grey sandy grit broken by irregular joints, upon massive beds of 

 grey quartz-veined grit associated with dark grey shales forming 

 a fine anticlinal, hard coarse grey grits and dark grey shales flaking 

 off in splintery fragments in places, under these beds dark shales 

 with thin even beds of grit, possibly Lower Culm Measures, come on, 

 they appear to be faulted against massive beds of grey grit, one bed 

 being eight feet in thickness. The above represents the coast section 

 for more than a mile and a half; in that space we have about 18 

 well-marked anticlinal and synclinal curves, not to mention numerous 

 lesser flexures, and two appearances of fault. 



Space fails me to particularize the continuation of the coast-section 

 in the direction of Westward Ho. From Peppercombe to Clovelly 

 the coast is formed for the most part of beds of the Eggesford type. 

 Upper Culm Measures. 



From Clovelly to Hartland Point the coast has not been observed, 

 but from its projection it would appear to consist of Middle Culm 

 Measures, of which the following is the downward succession at 

 Hartland Point : Light greenish grit ; on dark grey slates and shales 

 with beds of greenish grit; thick bed of brown grit; reddish 

 schistose beds and shaly mudstones splitting in sub-cuboidal pieces 

 like marl, associated with thin beds of grit ; thick beds of hard lilac 

 grit with shale ; dark grey shale ; even-bedded quartz-veined grey 

 grits ; dark grey indurated shale ; hard grits with dark grey shale 

 partings; bed of grey quartz-veined grit; dark grey shales and 

 schistose beds. The beds are contorted. 



The Eggesford grits or Upper Culm Measures form a much more 

 regular and less variable series than the beds hitherto described ; 

 they form a band of six or seven miles in breadth. They are well 

 exposed in the railway cuttings near Eggesford, in the Torridge 

 Valley about Great Torrington and in the coast near Clovelly. It is 

 impossible on the one-inch scale to convey any idea of the many 



