Bowmanites (fruit of Calamite). 

 Calamites arenacens ? 



„ cannceformis. 



„ nodosus ? 



„ Steinhauerii. 



„ undulatus. 

 Cyperites bicai-inata. 

 Lepidodeiidron. 

 Lepidophyllum intermedium. 

 Heuropteris cordata. 



12 W. A. E. Ussher — The Culm of Devonshire. 



Mr. Hall gives the following list of fossil plants obtained from the 

 North Devon Culm Measures : — 



Asterophyllites foliosa. Neuropteris heterophylla. 



,, Loshii. 

 Fecopteris lonchitica. 



,, muricata. 



,, Serlii. 

 Poacites cocoina. 

 Sigillaria. 

 Sphenopteris acuta. 



,, latifolia. 

 Spenophyllum sp. (?). 

 Sternbergia. 

 Stigmaria Jicoides. 

 A single shell of the genus Anthra- 

 cosia also found near Bideford. 



Mr. H. B. Woodward informs me that Gcelacanthus has been found 

 at Instow. 



In Lower Culm Measure Shales at Waddon Barton near Chudleigh, 

 ? Mr. Raid obtained four species of PliUlipsia, Goniatites spJuericus, 

 Orthoceras striolatum, Posidonomya Becheri, Avicula lepida, Chonetes 

 dejlexa, Spirifera TJrii, etc.^ 



In a survey of the Triassic rocks of Devon extending over several 

 years, I had ample opportunities of observing the Culm Measures on 

 their borders ; but it was not till the years 1876 and 1877 that I had 

 the opportunity of studying the Culm Measure area in a less desul- 

 tory manner, my researches being confined to the districts east of a 

 line between Hartland Point and Okehampton. 



In this area I discovered that the Culm Measures were broadly 

 divisible into three groups, which, however, owing to the passage of 

 one group into another, and to local intercalations, and to a great 

 extent to the innumerable flexures of the beds, cannot be separated 

 by hard and fast lines. Whether such a separation could be effected 

 on a 6-inch scale map I cannot say, but it would entail an infinite 

 amount of labour. The following is the general succession : — 



Upper —Eggesford type. — Hard rather thick, even-bedded grey grits, slaty beds and 



shales. 



Middle — Morchard type. — Thick-bedded grey, greenish, and reddish sandy grits, 



associated with marly splitting shales, irregular grits, 



slates, and shales. 



f Dark grey shales, with grit beds, seldom thick, and gene- 



I rally even, slaty, and splintery shales (type St. Davids 



Lower •< Exeter). 



I Even-bedded cherty shales and grits (of Coddon Hill type). 

 (^ Limestones and dark-grey shales. 



In general facies these groups are quite distinct, thus the even 

 bedding and regular appearance of the fine-grained grey grits of 

 Eggesford is very distinct from the irregularly associated grits and 

 shales of the underlying beds, whilst the massive bedded sandstones 

 and marly shales which occur in them about Zeal Monachorum, and 

 other places on the north of the Crediton Valley, give the Middle 

 Series or Morchard Bishop type of beds a very different general 



1 For a further list of the Waddon Barton Fossils, including the Trilobites, described 

 by me, see Geol. Mag. Decade III. Vol. I. 1884, p. 539.— H. W. 



