Reviews — JDollo's Dinosauria of Bernissart. 129 



considerable resemblance in tbe living Hatteria. They are un- 

 divided, and have a somewhat prominent median crest. The form 

 of the brain case appears to correspond with that already described 

 by Mr. Hulke. The quadrate bone is remarkably long and strong, 

 covered proximally by the squamosal bone, like a hat ; it sends a 

 process inward to articulate with the pterygoid. Many of the bones 

 of the palate, notably the vomer and palatine, are extremely thin 

 long bones. The pterygoids are thrown back towards the occiput. 

 They are in contact with the ectopterygoids, below the temporal 

 fossa, and closely resemble the pterygoids of Hatteria. Eegarding 

 the Hatteria as a Lizard, the author agrees with Huxley and Hulke 

 that the palate was lacertilian rather than crocodilian. But Hatteria 

 is I submit no more a Lizard than a Crocodile. The vertebral column 

 in Iguanodon Bernissartensis comprises 85 vertebrae, of which 10 are 

 cervical, 18 dorso-lumbar, 6 sacral, and 51 caudal. In the neck the 

 vertebrge are opisthocoelous, in the back and loins flat at both ends, 

 in the sacrum anchylosed, and in the tail slightly amphicoelous. 

 Li the neck all the vertebrae except the atlas carry ribs ; one 

 vertebra in succession to the dorsal series is counted as lumbar, 

 having no ribs. 



The fifth note states that in Iguanodon Mantelli 65 vertebrge are at 

 present known. They comprise 10 cervical, 16 dorsal, 2 lumbar, 

 5 sacral, while in the tail only 32 vertebra are preserved. All the 

 cervical vertebraa except the atlas carry ribs. The atlas has the 

 usual reptilian condition. The author then enters into a discussion 

 of the bones named by Marsh post-occipital,^ identifying them with 

 the pro-atlas of Albrecht. 



The author then goes on to show tbat the form of the skull 

 depends upon the development of the muscles which work the lower 

 jaw. And states that in Sanropsida the temporal and masseter 

 muscles are often united. When the temporal is predominant, there 

 is a strong sagittal crest, the coronoid process of the mandible is well 

 developed, the supra-temporal fossas are large openings ; while the 

 pterygoids are thin, parallel to the plane of the skull, and the quad- 

 rate process of the pterygoid is not ossified. When the internal 

 pterygoid muscles have a predominant development, there is neither 

 sagittal crest to the skull nor coronoid process to the mandible ; the 

 supra- temporal fossa are closed, the pterygoid bones are thick plates, 

 perpendicular to the median plane of the skull ; while there is a 

 mandibular fontanelle. The former type is Lacertilian, the latter is 

 Crocodilian. In Iguanodon the muscular arrangements were in the 

 main Lacertilian, while in Ceratosaiirus they were more Crocodilian. 

 Many herbivorous Dinosaurs, however, used in mastication muscles, 

 which are only developed among mammals in the Carnivora; and 

 the Teleosaiiria show in the sagittal crest, large temporal fossa and 

 narrow pterygoids, evidence that the temporal muscles were large and 

 the pterygoid muscles small, or in other words the animals had the 

 reverse development of these muscles to that seen in Crocodilia. In 



1 These bones had long been known in fishes, and were described in the Carp by 

 Mr. Robertson of the Oxford University Museum, and by many other writers. 



DECADE III. TOL. IV. — NO. III. 9 



