A. J. Jukes- Browne — Interglacial Land- surfaces. 147 



Barker in the Freshwater portion of the " Forest-Bed Series " at 

 West Runton, is referred to the above species. A comparison of this 

 specimen with the series of avian coracoids in the College of Surgeons 

 leaves no doubt as to its nearest affinity being with the Anatidae and 

 especially with the Ducks ; whilst its close agreement in size, form, 

 structure, and muscular markings with the coracoid of the Shoveller 

 Duck leaves one no option but to refer it to that species. The greatest 

 length of the specimen is 44 mm., and the widest part, at the sternal 

 articulation, is 17 mm. 



Phalaorocorax oarbo (Cormorant). (PL IV. Fig, 8.) 

 The last specimen which I have to notice was likewise found by 

 Mr. W. Barker in the Freshwater-bed at West Runton. This is the 

 upper part of a bird's coracoid with a markedly flattened inner surface, 

 agreeing in this, as in other particulars, with the somewhat peculiar 

 coracoid of the Cormorant. When comparing this specimen with 

 recent forms, nothing could be found so nearly approaching it as the 

 common Cormorant, and no doubt was felt as to its belonging to the 

 same species. Some allied forms, such as the Shag and other Cormo- 

 rants, were somewhat like, but P. carho was certainly nearest and one 

 might say identically the same. The Gannet, which is nearly related 

 to the Cormorant, has a different form of coracoid. 



Although other avian remains have been found in the " Forest- 

 Bed," some evidently belonging to species diffei'ing from those which 

 have been determined, it has not been possible to identify them. 

 All the " Forest-Bed " birds at present known are Bnho maximus, 

 Phalacrocorax carho, Anser sp., Anas sp., and Spatula clypeata. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV. 



Lutra vulgaris, left ramus, outer surface. " Forest-Bed," East Eunton. 



Same specimen seen from above. 



Bubo maximus, right tarso- metatarsus, front view. " Forest-Bed," East 

 Runton. 



Same specimen, back view. 



Same specimen, end view of distal extremity. 



Spatula clypeata, left coracoid, outer surface. "Forest-Bed," "West Runton. 



Same specimen, inner surface. 



Fhalacrocorax carho, upper end of right coracoid, outer surface. " Forest- 

 Bed," West Runton. 



All the figures natural size. 



11. — Inter-Glacial Land-surfaces in England and Wales. 

 By A. J. Jukes-Browne, B.A., F.G.S. 



THE exploration of the caves in the Vale of Clwyd, and the con- 

 clusions announced by Dr. Hicks at the last meeting of the British 

 Association, have naturally aroused much interest; for if the facts 

 are rightly interpreted by Dr. Hicks, and the deposits which are 

 banked up against the north-western end of the cave are really 

 of Glacial age, then it is clear that the contents of the cave date 

 from a time anterior to the great submergence during which those 

 deposits were formed. The occurrence of a worked flint-flake in 

 the cave-earth makes this conclusion of the greatest importance, and 



