J. E. Marr—The Work of Ice-Sheets. 153 



the line of junction between the two is marked by a horse-shoe- 

 shaped moraine profonde, which has been dragged up the more 

 inland side of the rocky ridge over the passes, and becomes 

 exposed as a terminal moraine at the extremity of the tongue 

 of ice which has flowed over these passes. That this is true 

 moraine profonde is indicated by the rounded and polished con- 

 dition of all the stones composing it, showing that they have been 

 brought from a distance, and not fallen from the Nunatakker to 

 form superior moraines.^ 



The conflicting currents assumed by Sir A. Kamsay and others 

 from an examination of the phenomena presented by the glaciation 

 of Britain are here actually seen. Just as the great mass of ice 

 presses against the "Nunatakker" of Jensen and Dalager, and is 

 borne round it, whilst a thin superficial portion is carried over the 

 passes between the " Nunatakker," bearing with it some of the 

 moraine profonde of the ice-sheet, so the lower part of the Lake 

 District ice appears according to Mr. Goodchild to have ridden 

 northwards into the Eden Valley, as shown by the distribution of 

 erratics along the western side of the Pennines to the north of 

 Stainmoor, and the northerly pointing scratches near Crosby 

 Ravensworth, whilst the upper portion flowed at right angles to 

 this over Stainmoor, bearing with it part of the moraine profonde 

 of the ice-sheet, including blocks of Shap granite. 



Again, the " Nunatakker," by causing the deflection of the ice, 

 allow of the formation of a hollow on the lee-side, whilst the main 

 streams of ice which have been carried on either side of each 

 " Nunatak " unite some way below the obstruction. This is 

 shown in the case of " Nunatak " i of Jensen's group, where 

 a lake occurs with ice-cliffs towering to a height of 600-800 feet 

 above it, but especially by the small "Nunatak" e situated to the 

 east of Dalager's " Nunatakker." In this case, the moraine profonde 

 appears at the surface above the " Nunatak," and flows in a crescentic 

 form around it, the horns of the crescent nearlj'' uniting at the 

 extremity of the hollow, which is filled with water forming a small 

 Lake on the lee-side of the " Nunatak." ^ The tendency of this must 

 be to produce a " driftless " area on the lee-side of the obstruction, 

 up to the point where the two streams of ice re-unite. Such a 

 driftless area is described by Mr. Dakyns ^ as occurring on the east 

 side of the Pennine chain, to the south of the Aire basin, except 

 where the chain is broken by the Wye and Calder valleys. 



Similar driftless areas ^ seem to be indicated by the lines on Prof. 

 Phillips' map, as occurring on the east side of the Chain between 

 its northern extremity and Stainmoor, and between the latter pass 

 and the pass between the Kibble and Aire valleys. The curves of 

 the distribution of drift in this map remind us strongly of the 

 curves taken by the ice in rounding the Greenland " Nunatakker." 



1 Of. Meddelelser, part i. plate v. figs. B', B", C, C", and C". 



* Meddlelser, part i. plate v. figs. D', D". 

 3 Q,. J. G. S. vol xxviii. p. 383. 



* i.e. not occupied by Scotch and Lake District diift. 



