154 J. E. Marr—The Work of Ice- Sheets. 



To complete the parallel, the ice seems to have spread out at its 

 extremity in a fan-like form on the low ground of East Yorkshire, 

 just as does the Greenland ice to the S.W. of Dalager's " Nun- 

 atakker " on similar low ground, forming the great Frederikshaab 

 glacier. 



The moraine-like mound mentioned by Mr. Tiddeman as occurring 

 on the east flank of Ingleborough, running parallel with the curving 

 set of scratches, which according to him appear to have been 

 caused by the ice rounding Simon's Fell, may be the relic of a 

 crescentic moraine formed at the end of a small tongue of ice 

 passing over the depression between Ingleborough and Simon's 

 Fell, and sliding over the main mass of ice below in the same way 

 as the tongues of ice slide over the main masses on the lee-side of 

 the ridges which form Jensen's and Dalager's " Nunatakker." This 

 mound, in any case, merits careful examination. 



Another point illustrated by the Greenland ice-masses is the 

 formation of contorted sands and clays associated with boulder-clay. 

 Such deposits are usually referred to the action of the sea, or of 

 running water, and it does not seem to be generally recognized that 

 similar deposits are actually being formed in the ice itself. 



In part iv. of the " Meddelelser," plate iii., bands of stratified 

 sand and clay are seen interstratified with the ice at the extremity of 

 a glacier which descends towards the fjord of Umanak, and these 

 bands are not only overfolded, but also faulted along lines of crevasses 

 in the ice. Similar bands are seen in plate iv. fig. 3, at the end of 

 the glacier of Tuapagsuit, and above them, at one part, is a mass of 

 moraine formed of gravel and large stones with their asperities worn 

 off. If these masses of ice melted, they would leave contorted beds 

 of sand and claj', with small faults, associated with morainic matter. 

 May not some of the remarkable stratified deposits figured by Mr. 

 Goodchild have been produced in a somewhat similar way ? 



The very conspicuous manner in which the Greenland valleys are 

 stopped up by ice is also worthy of notice in connexion with the 

 glacial theory of the origin of the Parallel Eoads of Glenroy. The 

 Jacobshavn glacier stops up both ends of a valley running parallel with 

 its course, converting it into a lake which is separated from the 

 glacier throughout the greater part of its length by a " Nunatak." 

 The lower end of another valley considerably to the south of this is 

 stopped by the ice-sheet, and the valley converted into a lake 

 (Tasersiak), which is drained by a river running over the col at the 

 bead of the valley into the Stromfjord, just as in the case of the 

 Marjelen See, only the Greenland lake is much larger than this. A 

 similar lake drains into the N. Isortok fjord, and another into that of 

 Alangordlia. Two similar lakes are formed to the east of Sermilik 

 fjord, and several small ones to the east of Bjornesund. North of 

 the Frederikshaab glacier is a valley running north and south, the 

 mouth of which is stopped by the Frederikshaab glacier, whilst a 

 tongue of ice flows through a col situated half-way up the valley and 

 bars the valley, one part of the tongue of ice flowing a small distance 

 to the north, and another to the south, thus causing the conversion of 



