178 Reviews — Geological Survey of Canada. 



The chief development of the Coal-bearing rocks is in the valley 

 of the Cascade River, a tributary of the Bow, where the Cretaceous 

 rocks form a " long, narrow, synclinal fold, which, owing to the 

 immense pressure from the south-westward, has been bodily over- 

 turned in the opposite direction ; the mountain range on the south- 

 west side being composed of an anticlinal of the limestone series, 

 similarly compressed and folded over on the Cretaceous rocks." 



Volcanic beds (ashes and agglomerates) occur at an horizon not 

 far above the summit of the Kootanie Group, which would make 

 them of the age of the Dakota period. Their maximum thickness 

 is estimated at 2200 feet. 



In a " provisional general section " of the Cretaceous beds of 

 the mountains of the area explored, their thickness is put down at 

 13,350 feet, making with that of the Foot-hills and Plains (7490 feet) 

 a maximum thickness for the Cretaceous of the region of 20,840 feet. 



Upon the subject of economic minerals Dr. Dawson informs us 

 that the recognized gold-mining district is " Wild Horse Creek," 

 " but nearly all the streams flowing into the Columbia-Kootanie 

 valley contain more or less alluvial gold, which should be sought in 

 those parts of the district which are based on the slaty zones of the 

 Cambrian." 



The author was much struck with the grandeur and beauty of 

 the scenery of the mountains, and the excellent engravings with 

 which the report is illustrated enable the reader to realize in some 

 degree the physical features of this magnificent tract of country. 



Mr. E. G. M^Connell's Report (pp. oc — 78o) treats of the geology 

 and resources of the Cypress Hills, Wood Mountains, and adjacent 

 territory, embracing part of the district of Assiuiboia, and covering 

 an area of about 31,000 square miles. It is accompanied by a 

 geological and topographical map of the district, together with 

 photographic and other illustrations. 



The most interesting result of Mr. M^Connell's researches from a 

 geological point of view was the discovery of thick deposits of con- 

 glomerates of Miocene age, covering Laramie beds, which have by 

 this means escaped destruction. The Miocene rests unconformably 

 on the Laramie, as a rule ; but in some places it overlaps and comes 

 in contact with the Fox Hill beds beneath. 



The Miocene beds are characterized by the great quantity of water- 

 worn pebbles in them, derived from the quartzite formations of the 

 Rocky Mountains. These beds cover an area of nearly 14,000 square 

 miles, capping the more elevated parts of the plateaux from the west 

 end of the Cypress Hills to the east end of Swift Current Creek 

 plateau, a distance of 140 miles. 



Numerous invertebrate fossils were collected in the Cretaceous 

 beds, and remains of Eeptilia (Testudinata) and Mammalia (Buno- 

 theria and Perissodactyla) in the conglomerates. The Vertebrates 

 furnish the subject of a separate report by Prof. E. D. Cope (Ap- 

 pendix i. pp. 79o — 85o). 



Mr. Andrew C. Lawson's report (pp. 5cc — ISlcc) is " On the 

 Geology of the 'Lake of the Woods' Region, with special reference 

 to the Keewatin (Huronian?) belt of the Archaean Rocks." 



