180 Revietvs — Geological Survey of Canada. 



everywhere in this region; but Palgeozoic strata occur in many of the 

 islands in Hudson's Bay, and probably extend over much of its bed. 

 Eocks of volcanic origin were observed in the north-western part of 

 the Bay. 



The report by Mr. E. W. Ells (pp. 5e — 71 e) gives an account of 

 the geological formations in South-Eastern New Brunswick, and in 

 Cumberland and Colchester counties of the adjoining province of 

 Nova Scotia. 



The prevailing rocks of this area are the Pre-Cambrian or 

 Huronian (?), the Carboniferous and Permo-Carboniferous. The 

 Pre-Cambrian rocks are typified in the " Cobequid Series," which 

 underlie unconformably the iron-ore belts flanking the Cobequid 

 mountain range on the south. The Carboniferous system is repre- 

 sented by the three divisions, Upper, Middle, and Lower, and an 

 elaborate description of each of these is contained in the report. The 

 Spring Hill area was especially examined for the purpose of deter- 

 mining the extension of the thick coal-seams. The famous South 

 Joggins Coal-measures, made historical through the labours of Logan ' 

 and Dawson,^ are briefly described by Mr. Ells. 



The report concludes with a reference to the economic minerals 

 of the region surveyed. These include Coal (by far the most 

 important), Iron, Copper, Gypsum, etc. 



A coloured geological map on a scale of four miles to one , inch 

 accompanies the report. 



Professor L. W. Bailey contributes a report (pp. 5g — 30g) upon 

 portions of Northern and Western New Brunswick. This also is 

 illustrated by a geological coloured map, in which the orographic 

 features of the region are delineated. It is upon the same scale as 

 that of Mr. Ells. 



The following geological systems are embraced in the region 

 examined : — 



Carboniferous. Cambro-Silurian (Ordovician). 



Devonian (?). Pre-Cambrian. 



Silurian. Crystalline rocks, including granite. 



The Carboniferous is of limited extent, and consists of the Mill- 

 stone Grit, and the lower or marine beds of the system. 



Much of the region is too densely wooded to admit of the ex- 

 amination of the underlying rocks, and their boundaries are therefore 

 difficult to define with accuracy. Eruptive rocks in the form of 

 dykes and intercalated masses are met with in many parts of the 

 Silurian area, notably in the gorge above the Falls of the Aroostook 

 river, close to the boundary-line of the State of Maine. Connected 

 v/ith these igneous and trappean overflows are innumerable faults, 

 and the Silurian rocks are everywhere twisted and folded. 



To the south of these rocks portions of the country are occupied 

 by metamorphosed strata, penetrated by great masses of intrusive 

 granite, supposed to be of Cambro-Silurian age, while other strata, 

 apparently connected with these last, furnish in their fossil contents 

 satisfactory evidence for referring them to that horizon. 



^ Eeport, 1845. ^ Acadian Geology, 1868. 



