278 Reviews — Br. O. M. Bauson's Borings in Manitoba^ 



this able and interesting manner the development of a water-breathing 

 naked larva of the Paleeozoic epoch into an air-breathing adult, clad 

 in a strong coat of mail ; and we shall welcome with much interest 

 future work on kindred subjects. R. L. 



II. — Ok Certain Bobings in Manitoba and the North-west 

 Territory. By George M. Dawson, D.Sc, A.E.S.M., F.G-.S. 

 [From the Transactions of the Eoyal Society of Canada, vol. iv. 

 1886.] Montreal, 1887. 



yAEIOUS useful purposes are subserved by boring operations, 

 such as the procuring a supply of pure water in arid regions ; 

 the search for useful minerals, petroleum, etc., in which case boring 

 may be regarded as an expeditious, and, upon the whole, economical 

 method of prospecting ; and finally, as a means of gaining a know- 

 ledge of the nature of the subjacent strata when these are concealed 

 by drift deposits. 



We shall dwell more particularly upon the results of these borings 

 from the geological standpoint, as being that which is most likely 

 to interest the readers of this Magazine. 



We have then 1, " Boring at Eosenfeld Station." This is a station 

 on the South- Western Branch of the Canadian Pacific Eailway, 

 about fifteen miles north of the 49th parallel and ten miles west 

 of the Eed Eiver Valley. In this boring, which was undertaken by 

 the C. P. Eailway Co., a depth of 1037 feet was attained by means 

 of an ordinary percussion drill. 



The nature of the beds passed through, with their probable geolo- 

 gical age, is indicated in the accompanying slightly abridged section : 



Feet. Formations. 



1. Black soil 4 



2. Fine silt or clay Ill 



3. Sand and gravel 10 



4. Boulder-clay ("hard-pan") 12 



5. Boulders 6 



6 to 9. Grey and red shales and limestone ... 92 ) -.^ , , , , 

 10 to 13. Limestone, sandstone, and red shale 260 \ J^^aquoJieta snaies. 



14. Cream-coloured limestone... 305 Galena limestone passing 



15. Eed sb ale 75 below into Trenton. 



16. Soft sandstone 50 St. Peter Sandstone 



17 to 20. Eed, green, blue, and grey shales ... 110 L. Maguesian limestone (?). 

 21. "Granite" 2 Laurentian. 



Total 1037 



A detailed analysis here follows, which may be thus briefly sum- 

 marized : — The soil was of the character common in that region, and 

 consisted of the underlying silts mixed with vegetable matter. 

 " The silts are those of the ancient lake which, about the close of 

 the Glacial Period, occupied the Eed Eiver Yalley, and which has 

 been called ' Lake Agassiz ' by Mr. Upham." ^ The gravel consisted 

 of rounded Laurentian and limestone pebbles. '■' The ' hard-pan,' 



^ See Geological Magazine, 1883, p. 427, "Lake Agassiz; a Chapter in 

 Glacial Geology," by Warren Upham. 



