Revieivs — H. B. Woodward's Geology of England and Wales. 317 



iferous beds to the " Cambrian " rocks, and bow tbey are affected by 

 the Craven faults : from Durdham Down to the City of Bristol (E. 

 Etheridge), to show the relations of the Carboniferous Limestone, 

 Millstone Grit and Coal-measures to the Mesozoic rocks ; ideal 

 section across the S.W. extremity of the Pendle Range (Prof. E. 

 Hull), showing, inter alia, the position of the Wigan Coal-field: 

 southern side of the South Wales Coal-field (Sir W. E. Logan) : 

 generalized section from Dartmoor to Great Haldon (H. B. W.), to 

 show the position of the Culm Measures. 



Lastljf, the author devotes a few pages to the possible existence of 

 the Coal-measures in the East and South-East of England. Figure 

 31 is an interesting diagram, which shows the probable curvatures 

 of the PalEeozoic beds beneath the Mesozoic rocks ; but, since the 

 undoubted discovery of the Great Oolite beneath London and 

 Eichmond, that portion of the diagram may require some recon- 

 sideration. 



Amongst the economic products, he fails to give an account of the 

 celebrated Harrogate waters, but at p. 589, under the head Mineral 

 Springs, we find the sulphuretted springs of Harrogate duly recorded 

 as issuing from a deep source along an anticlinal axis of the Carbon- 

 iferous rocks. 



Pakt II. Mesozoic. — The Permian rocks are grouped along with 

 the Trias under the general title of New Eed Sandstone. Doubtless 

 there are some advantages in this arrangement, but it does seem 

 strange to find, for instance, the Magnesian Limstone of Durham 

 with its rich store of Palgeozoic fossils being classified under this 

 heading. That the Permian, in England, should be placed with 

 the Secondary rather than with the Palseozoic rocks is reasonable ; 

 since there seems to have been considerable identity of physical 

 conditions throughout the Permio-Triassic period. This indeed was 

 one of revolution and decay, during which, but for the most part in 

 other areas, the elements of the World's Middle Life were being 

 slowly evolved. As a matter of fact the author's New Eed Sand- 

 stone, or Poikilitic (Conybeare), to a certain extent stands alone, 

 although biologically its lower division inclines to the Palgeozoic and 

 its Upper to the Mesozoic. The Ehaetic or Penarth beds are also 

 included here. 



Mr. Woodward divides the Jurassic into Lias and Oolitic, and 

 with the latter he includes the beds originally called by Mr. William 

 Smith "The Sand of the Inferior Oolite." In adopting Phillips' 

 name of " Midford Sands " for this group, we are not sure that the 

 author is on very safe ground. What is the evidence that the 

 Sands of Midford represent the zones of Am. opaiinus and of Am. 

 Jurensis ? At this village the Parh'nsoni-zone is seen to rest directly 

 on certain sands of the Inferior Oolite. If the Cephalopoda-bed of 

 the Cotteswolds occurs immediately below the junction, the name 

 holds good ; otherwise the age of the upper part of the sand is 

 uncertain. 



Nearly 100 pages are devoted to the Jurassic rocks, which have 

 lately enjoyed a special share of the author's attention, and sections 



