Reviews— K. B. Woodward's Geology of England and Wales. 319 



Clement Eeid, Eev. 0. Fislaer, whilst illustrations of the Yictoria 

 Cave and of the Coygan Cave are borrowed from the works of 

 Messrs. Tiddeman and Hicks respectively. 



Under the head of Eecent, besides the various deposits of Modern 

 Age, he partly includes the Cave deposits, and under the sub- 

 division Terrestrial Phenomena, refers to Springs, Swallow Holes, 

 Tufa, Blown Sands, and Soils ; and under the subdivision Marine 

 Deposits, to Sea Beaches and Raised Beaches. 



There is a supplementary section on Eruptive and Metamorphic 

 Rocks, in which he refers to the progress in their study of late, par- 

 ticularly alluding to the works of Allport, Forbes, Sorby, Phillips, 

 Rutley, Clifton Ward, Bonney, Davies, Teall, and Cole. A very 

 useful, condensed account of these rocks has been furnished by Mr. 

 Rutley. A " chapter " on Mineral Veins and Metalliferous Deposits, 

 and one on Denudation and Scenery, complete the work. Appendix 

 No. 1 records some of the more important well-sinkings and borings 

 in England and Wales ; and Appendix No. 2 gives a Synopsis of 

 the Animal Kingdom by Mr. E. T. Newton. There is a very copious 

 index — a matter of considei-able importance in a work so compre- 

 hensive and so full of references. 



A geological map 24 in. x 19'5 in. accompanies the volume. It 

 is no longer attempted, as in the map of the previous edition, to 

 show the East Anglian Boulder-clay and Gravels. The colours are 

 less vivid than in the old map, and more in accordance with estab- 

 lished usage. By colouring all the Cretaceous beds below the Gault 

 as one, the difficulty of deciding which is Wealden and which Lower 

 Greensand is avoided. In the same way by colouring the Trias and 

 Permian as one, not only is the definition of their boundary avoided, 

 but their general relations to the Carboniferous rocks of the great 

 Pennine massif is made exceedingly clear and effective. We regret 

 that the South Yorkshire Coal-field, the least exhausted in Britain, 

 has not been differentiated from the Millstone Grit ; but this is one 

 of those accidents in printing which are apt to befall the most careful.^ 

 The two great volcanic areas of the Cheviot and of the Lake- 

 district are well shown, and the chartographer judiciously colours 

 the Archeean and Metamorphic alike. The map bears the name of 

 Mr. Goodchild, and does him much credit. 



The entire work must be regarded as a most complete compen- 

 dium of English geology. The author has brought to bear upon 

 his task an assiduity in labour and an impartiality in judgment 

 alike remarkable. To these qualifications he adds a grasp of the 

 subject, which years of experience in the field and in the study 

 could alone produce. Not only is the information conveyed of 

 the greatest utility and interest to every student of English 

 geology, but whosoever wishes to pursue any particular subject 

 further may obtain in this book many of the references required. Bear- 

 ing in mind the enormous and varied mass of material thus sifted, it 

 is not surprising that the publication has been a little delayed. 

 The artist (p. 24) shows how blithely the field geologist may set 



^ "We are iuformed that this omission has been corrected in the later-issued copies. 

 — Edit. 



