360 Prof, von Ettingshausen — Australian Tertiary Flora. 



of the species to those of the Eocene and of the Cretaceous period, 

 we may conclude that the Fossil Flora described in the above-men- 

 tioned memoir might be referred to the Lower Eocene. 



When we take into consideration only those fossil species which 

 are represented by fruits, seeds, and characteristic forms of leaves, 

 we obtain new and sufficient proofs concerning the view which I 

 have brought forward in the first part of these contributions, that 

 the elements of the floras are mixed together in the Tertiary Flora 

 of Australia, These proofs consist of facts relative to the common 

 appearance of the genera endemic in Australia with genera we find 

 represented in other floras, but which are strange to the Australian 

 one. For example, there occur in the Fossil Flora of Vegetable 

 Creek and Elsmore the following genera of the Australian- element : 

 Phyllocladus, Casuarina, Santalum, Persoonia, Grevillea, Hakea, 

 Lomatia, Banksia, Dryandra, Gallicoma, Ceratopetalum, Pomaderris, 

 Boronia and Eucalyptus. On the other hand we find here, intermixed 

 with the former, types belonging to : Sequoia (California), Myrica 

 (Europe, North America, Asia, South Africa), Alnus (Northern 

 Hemisphere), Querciis (Northern Hemisphere), Cinnamomum (Asia), 

 Sassafras (North America and East India), Aralia (North America, 

 Japan and New Zealand), Elaocarpns (Tropical Asia), Acer (Northern 

 Hemisphere), Copaifera (Tropical America). In Part L of the 

 Contributions quoted above I have already stated that the elements 

 of the floras are united not only in the Tertiary Flora of Europe, of 

 the Arctic Eegions, of North America and of Australia, but also in 

 the Tertiary Floras of the other portions of the globe. The above- 

 mentioned facts confirm this even more strongly. Besides, I am 

 able to state the same result from facts which I obtained by examin- 

 ing the Tertiary Flora of New Zealand, with collections of which 

 Prof, (now Sir) Julius von Haast and Prof. T. J. Parker have kindly 

 forwarded to me.^ 



There is now scarcely any doubt that the general character of all 

 Tertiary Floras of the globe is one and the same in regard to the 

 mixture which they exhibit, and continued so until the separation of 

 the elements of floras into the existing special floras towards the 

 commencement of the present period. 



The relationship of all the Tertiary Floras of the globe to one 

 another is based upon the common elements of floras. The com- 

 parison of the Australian Tertiary Flora to the European one shows 

 at once not only many orders and genera which are common to both, 

 but also many species of the one are more or less coi'responding to 

 species of the other. For example the following species are closely 

 related ; Callitris prisca is closely related to C. Brongniarti, Sequoia 

 Australiensis to S. Langsdorfii, Podocarpus prce-cupressina to P. elegans, 

 Casuarina CooTcii to C. sotzlciana, Alnus MacCoyi to A. Kefersteinii, 

 Quercus Wilkinsoni to Q. cliloropliyUa, Q. Hartogi to Q. drymeja, Fagus 

 Benthami to F. Feronice, Ficus Gidleyi to F. arcinervis, F. Solanderi to 



^ A Notice of the Palseo-Botanical Investigations of the Fossil Flora of New 

 Zealand will follow. 



