Dr. T. Sterry Hunt — On Italian Geology. 531 



-ambulacral line, and on either side is found a projecting triangular 

 ossicle, whose cast is well preserved. These are thus arranged in 

 closely opposed pairs in the interambulacral line (see Fig. 4). The 

 features of the ventral side of the rays are not well preserved ; but 

 in four places at least the casts of the pair of ambulacral ossicles are 

 seen, and they are of the same shape as in the new specimen (see 

 rig. 3). The somewhat separated rows of interambulacral ossicles 

 are preserved as grooves, in the base of which are seen the pits 

 •which indicate the spines. The larger ones at the ends are also 

 marked by the marginal pits, and the casts of the spines themselves 

 are seen diverging from them. Towards the margin of the central 

 aperture is seen the madreporiform tubercle which, with the exception 

 of the casts of a few ossicles, is the only relic of the dorsal surface 

 that is preserved. This is beautifully shown, it is of the ordinary 

 type with radiating pores, and it is about -^ inch in diameter (see 

 Fig. 5). 



It is thus seen that in all comparable points the two specimens 

 agree, while each contributes something special to the description, 

 which between them is rendered about as complete as we can well 

 expect in the case of such an ancient relic of the group. The new 

 specimen is now one of the ornaments of the Kendal Museum, whose 

 development the discoverer has done so much to promote. 



DESCEIPTION OF PLATE XV. 



Fig. 1 . New specimen of Solaster Murchisoni, in the Kendal Museum. Found by 

 Eev. Gr. Crewdson in the Capricornus beds of Huntcliff. Natural size. 

 ,, 2. Portion of a ray of the same restored. Enlarged. 

 ,, 3. Ambulacral ossicles of the t3'pe specimen. Enlarged. 

 ,, 4. Angle plates at the inner ends of the rays of the type specimen. 

 ,, 5. Madi'eporiform tubercle of the type specimen. Enlarged. 



11. — Gastaldi on Italian Geology and the Ckystalline Eocks.^ 

 ByT. Sterey Hunt, M.A., D.Sc, LL.D., F.R.S. 



THE present writer in 1883 reviewed the history of the rocks of 

 the Alps and the Apennines with especial reference to the 

 geological relations of serpentine and its associates, in a paper which 

 appeared in the first volume of the Transactions of the Eoyal Society 

 of Canada, and is reprinted, revised and with some additions, as the 

 tenth chapter of his volume entitled " Mineral Physiology and 

 Physiography" (Boston, 1886). Therein he gave a somewhat detailed 

 account of the labours in Italian geology of the late Professor 

 Bartolomeo Gastaldi, of Turin, a list of whose publications on that 

 subject from 1871 to 1878, so far as known to the writer, will there 

 be found, including his letter to Quihtino Sella, in 1878, on the 

 general results of explorations made in 1877 (loc. cit., 458). In 

 doing this the present writer said, "I feel that I am both rendering 

 a veritable service to science and paying a tribute to the memory of 

 my honoured friend and correspondent of many years," stating at the 



1 Read before the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Section C, 

 Manchester, Sept. 4, 1887. 



