H. A. Allen — A South. Wales Coal-measure Insect. 05 



streams and afterwards aerial denudation. Here is the most wonderful 

 representation of an old city, with its ramparts, castles, and halls ; 

 there are, of course, many fantastically sculptured rocks, but the 

 Chateau Gailliard is a marvel, of which only the eye can form 

 any idea. 



At Eglazine, in the Tarn gorge, is a basalt flow which has half 

 filled a denuded volcanic neck of breccia. In the basalt, which 

 is Pliocene in age, are lai'ge crystals of augite and inclusions of 

 olivine. The breccia also contains well-developed crystals of various 

 minerals. 



The Tindoul (near Eodez) and Padirac (near Eocamadour) caverns 

 have very deep holes or ' puits ' to the entrance of the underground 

 galleries. The one at Padirac is 245 feet ; the Tindoul is a little 

 less (PI. IV, Fig. 6). 



The Bramabiau is situated near the east and west fault which 

 brings up the crystalline rocks of the Cevennes above those of 

 Jurassic age. This fault is very well marked by the configuration 

 of the country, as to the north of it are the table-like causses, to the 

 south rises the jagged outline of the Cevennes. The Cevennes are 

 the watershed of the Mediterranean and the ocean rivers, and their 

 south-east and north-west slopes present different aspects. From 

 Mont Aigoual, on the south and east, are seen narrow and steep 

 gorges in endless successions ; the spurs of the mountains, running 

 out in long rows, give the appearance of waves of the sea. On the 

 north and west the valleys are broader and less steep, and the 

 mountains have flatter tops. 



Mont Aigoual is formed by a granite intruded into the Cambrian 

 sandstone, which has been metamorphosed into gneiss and schists. 

 The granite is porphyritic, containing large orthoclase crystals, 

 sometimes four or five inches long. 



An excursion to these parts may be ended at Eocamadour, 

 a curious little village clinging to the precipitous side of a canon 

 and celebrated during many centuries for its pilgrimages. 



V. — On an Insect from the Coal-3ieasures of South Wales. 

 By H. A. Allex, F.G.S. 

 rpHE rarity of insect remains from the Carboniferous rocks of the 

 X British Isles is demonstrated by the small number of genera 

 and species included in the lists published by such authorities as 

 Dr. Henry Woodward ^ and Mr. S. H. Scudder.- A portion of a wing, 

 with a neuration unlike that of any specimen yet described, having 

 recently been exhumed, it may be deemed not unworthy of notice. 



The specimen was obtained by Mr. G. Eoblings from the top of 

 the four-foot seam in the Lower Coal-measures of Llanbradach 

 Colliery, Cardiff. A fragment of shale split into two pieces exposes 

 nearly the Avhole of a wing lying almost flat ; the distal portion of 



^ Quart. Jouvn. Geol. Soc, vol. xxxii (1870), p. 6o. Geol. Mao., 1887, p. 49, 

 PI. II ; ibid., p. 433, PI. XII. 



- Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. iii (1883), pp. 213-224. 



DECADE IV. A'OL. VIII. — XO. II. 5 



