Notices of Mcnnoirs — Ingk'horourjh Cdces and Pof-/io/es. 77 



5. That Tranlands Beck Sinks discharge at Scalegill Mill. 



6. The investigations show that within the area the main direction 

 of underground How is along the master-joints of the limestone. 



III. — The Caves and Pot-iioles of Inglebouougu and the 

 District.^ By S. W. Cuttriss. 



THE portion of Yorkshire to which this paper refers is contained 

 in Sheets 49, 50, and 60 (New Series) of the 1-inch Ordnance 

 Survey. The great Craven Faults which traverse it in a north-west 

 to south-east direction have produced a difference of level of the 

 strata of several thousands of feet ; the limestones on the south 

 side of the Faults being far below the surface. 



The Silurian slates and grits form the basement beds, and are 

 exposed in several of the valleys. On these rests the Carboniferous 

 Limestone, which has a thickness of about oOO feet from the base to 

 the present exposed surface on Ingleborough. The name Carboni- 

 ferous Limestone is here applied only to distinguish a particular bed 

 of rock in the district. Above this are a series of thinner limestones, 

 shales, and sandstones (the Yoredales of Professor Phillips), capped 

 by Millstone Grit. 



Towards the west the Carboniferous Limestone has been cut off' 

 by the Dent Fault, while the Craven Faults determine its extension 

 towards the south. The main line of fault passes through Ingleton, 

 Clapham, and Austwick to Settle, then eastwards by Malham. 

 North of this is another fault, near the first at Austwick, but about 

 1^ miles apart at Malham. Further north the most interesting 

 caves and pot-holes are found in an area comprising the Leek Fells, 

 Kingsdale, Chapel-le-Dale, Hibblesdale, and around Ingleborough. 



The whole area may be divided into three sections : — 



1. The Yoredales, comprising the rocks of that name. These 

 limestones being comparatively thin, and intercalated with beds of 

 shale and sandstone, the caves ai"e small and obstructed with earth, 

 through which the water percolates. They are at an elevation of 

 from 1,300 to 1,600 feet, and do not materially aff"ect the drainage 

 of the ground. 



2. The Southern Carboniferous, including the Carboniferous Lime- 

 stone between the two Craven Faults. Although part of the same 

 formation as the Carboniferous Limestone north of the Fault, yet 

 the caves in the two sections differ entirely in their characteristics.^ 

 Here they are distinguished by an absence of running water, the 

 walls are covered with a considerable thickness of calcareous deposit, 

 and their entrances ai*e blocked with clay and rock debris. The 

 well-known Victoria and Attermire Caves are included in this section. 

 A further characteristic is the entire absence of pot-holes — vertical 

 chasms in the ground caused by falling water enlarging the rock 

 fissures. 



3. The Main Carboniferous, which includes the remainder of the 

 Carboniferous Limestone within the area defined. Here there are no 



' Read betorc the IJritish Association, Section C (Geology), Bradtord, Sept., 1000.. 



