Rejiorts and Proceedinys — Geological Society of London. 185 



Several other submerged valleys off the coast of Western Europe 

 were described for comparison. In most cases the landward end 

 of the submerged river-channel is filled with silt, etc., for some 

 distance from the mouth of the actual river ; but, farther out, its 

 course becomes quite distinct towards its embouchure at the edge 

 of the Continental platform. Among the valleys specified were 

 those off the mouth of the Tagus and the Lima, the Adour, and the 

 Loire, and those in the English and Irish Channels. 



The following communication was read : — 



" The Geological Succession of the Beds below the Millstone Grit 

 Series of Pendle Hill and their equivalents in certain other parts 

 of England." By Wheelton Hind, M.D., B.S., F.R.C.S., F.G.S., 

 and J. Allen Howe, Esq., B.Sc, F.G.S. 



Part i of this paper consists of a detailed account of the ground. 

 Many detailed sections are given, showing in each case the exact 

 fossiliferous horizons. The geological succession between the massif 

 of limestone and the Millstone Grit Series on Pendle Hill is shown, 

 by various sections, to contain a characteristic limestone series, 

 easily distinguished by palseontological and lithological characters 

 from the White or Clitheroe Limestone. This calcareous series is 

 found to be very constant over a certain definite area, and to contain 

 a zonal fauna. 



By various sections the extent of the deposit is shown, and it is 

 demonstrated that the deposit occupies a basin, of which the Pendle 

 district covers the maximum area of deposit, for the sequence thins 

 out rapidly north-wes and south. But although the beds thin out, 

 a calcareous series with a typical zonal fauna is always present. 

 Beds containing this fauna are traced from County Dublin, the Isle 

 of Man, Bolland, Craven, the Calder and Mersey valleys, to Derby- 

 shire and North Staffordshire. It is shown that this series, for 

 which the term Pendleside Series is proposed, occupies a basin 

 about the size of the area indicated above, and that the beds are 

 lithologically distinct from the Yoredale Beds of Wensleydale, and 

 contain a different fauna. 



Part ii discusses the question in detail, from a pal^ontological 

 point of view. Several goniatites and Posidonomijn Becheri are 

 shown to be characteristic of the lower part of the series, while 

 Avtculopecten papyracens, Posidoniella lavis, and certain goniatites 

 have a wider distribution in the series. 



The faunas of the Yoredale Beds of Wensleydale and the I endle- 

 side Series, generally mapped as Yoredales, are shown to be entirely 

 distinct ; and the Yoredale Series of Wensleydale is shown, on 

 palseontological and stratigraphical grounds, to be the eciuivalent ot 

 the upper part of the massif of limestone. , , a 



The migration of certain families of fossils from the nor h to the 

 south, brought about by a slow change of environment, is shown l.y 

 tables, and lines called 'isodiectic lines ' are drawn to ropresent this 

 distribution. It is shown that the Nuculidje are found in the owest 

 Carboniferous beds in Scotland, but come in at successively higher 

 horizons as the beds range southward. 



