Revieics — Prof. V. Amalitzl;)/ — The Permian of Russia. 231 



of ancient and modern maps and charts. A lifetime could be 

 expended on the emerged and submerged ruins of Ostia, Carthage, 

 Utica, the Piraeus, Alexandria, the Bay of Baie, Tyre. Miletus, and 

 other places too numerous to mention on the ancient elevated or 

 depressed coastlines of the Mediterranean. This task is far beyond 

 the capacity of an individual. Law, if once established in this 

 matter, is of universal value and importance. The obscurity 

 shrouding these emerged and submerged cities already seems less 

 dark than before. 



I earnestly hope, therefore, that some scientific body will under- 

 take to assist in extending this investigation, thus enabling us to 

 shed still additional light on these perplexing oscillations of the sea 

 which we have been considering. 



{To be concluded in our next Xtimher.) 



IR E "V I IE] "W S. 



SUR LES FOUILLES DE 1899 DE DEBRIS DE VeRTEBRES DANS 



LES Depots Permiens de la Eussie du Nord, Par V. 

 Amalitzky. pp. 25, with 5 plates. Expose fait a I'Assemblee 

 generale de la Soc. Imp. des naturalistes a St.-Petersbourg, le 

 28 Decembre, 1899. (Varsovie, 1900.) 



PROFESSOR AMALITZKY has for several years past been 

 engaged in working out the structure and history of the fresh- 

 water deposits of Palaeozoic age in the northern governments of 

 Russia, and in the present paper he treats of some general questions 

 in connection with his investigations, and further gives a detailed 

 account of some explorations in Upper Permian strata on the banks 

 of the Little Dwina, which resulted in the discovery of numerous 

 plant and animal remains of considerable interest from their close 

 relationship to the flora and fauna of the Gondwana beds in India, 

 the Karoo formation of South Africa, and deposits of corresponding 

 age in Brazil and Australia. Some of the reptilian remains, more- 

 over, present a close resemblance to the genera Elginia and Gordonia 

 described bj' E. T. Newton from the Elgin sandstones. 



The lowest fresh-water deposits recognized by Amalitzky in the 

 north of Russia are red sandstones situated at Mount Andoma, on 

 the east side of Lake Onega, and, more to the east, at Ouet-Pinega 

 on the Northern Dwina. They contain lamellibranch shells be- 

 longing to the genera Garhonicola, Anthracosia, Archanodonta, etc., 

 allied to the Anthracosida3 of the Russian Carboniferous. The beds 

 are of Upper Devonian age, and may be ranked with the Old Red 

 Sandstones of Scotland, the Kiltorkan beds of Ireland, and the 

 Catskill formation of North America. The only fresh-water for- 

 mations of Carboniferous age observed by the author are the sands 

 of the Lower Carboniferous at Mount Patrova, in the Vytcgra 

 district, which have been shown by Inostrantsev to be a direct 

 continuation of the Devonian sandstones of Andoma. Higher up 

 in the geological series, exclusively marine deposits persist from 

 the Lower Carboniferous sandstones with Productus gigantens in the 



